Study On The Long-term Dynamic Mechanism Of Poverty Alleviation In Ethnic Minority Areas In The New Era

Poverty is a chronic disease that has long plagued the development and progress of human society.Poverty governance has always been a major event in governing the country at all times and in all over the world.Poverty reduction and even eradication has always been a worldwide problem and an eternal topic that governments and theorists of all countries are committed to studying and solving.Eliminating poverty and sharing prosperity are the basic rights and common ideals of people of all countries in pursuit of a happy life.Since the founding of New China,especially since the reform and opening up,in order to change the poverty and backwardness of the old China,the CPC has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in the arduous and outstanding fight against poverty.It has historically solved the absolute poverty and regional overall poverty problems that have plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years,changed the face of China’s development and people’s lives,and written a glorious history of China’s poverty governance cause,It has formed a theory of socialist poverty governance with Chinese characteristics and a path to poverty alleviation,and has contributed China’s programs and experience to the cause of global poverty reduction.Under the strong leadership of the CPC,ethnic minority areas,together with the whole country,unswervingly focus on development,promote reform and benefit the people’s livelihood,fight well to win the battle against poverty,take place from closed and backward to open and progress,from lack of food and clothing to a comprehensive well-off society,from poor and weak to prosperous and strong.At present,they are moving steadily towards the goal of common prosperity and common prosperity.Based on the overall situation of China’s reform and development and poverty alleviation and development,combined with the reality of poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas,this paper systematically combs the basic theories related to poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation and the theory and practice of long-term poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics,analyzes and studies the current situation of economic development in ethnic minority areas,the overall effectiveness of poverty alleviation and typical long-term poverty alleviation models The two autonomous counties in Changyang have deeply analyzed the main driving force of long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas as a sample,and comprehensively analyzed the challenges and opportunities faced by long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas according to the change of poverty alleviation situation in the new era of China.On this basis,the dynamic mechanism of long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas in the new era has been constructed and strategic suggestions have been put forward.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:Firstly,through the literature review of the development of poverty governance theories abroad and the progress of poverty governance research in China,it comprehensively reflects the main achievements and the latest progress of poverty governance theoretical research at home and abroad,providing theoretical support and research direction for promoting long-term poverty eradication in the new era.Secondly,through combing and studying the connotation,type and measurement standard of poverty,and analyzing and defining the essence of long-term poverty alleviation,the basic concepts related to long-term poverty alleviation are clarified.The study points out that poverty refers to the living condition in which the quality of production and life of some people is lower than the social average,and the development level of some regions is lower than the regional average due to the lack of endogenous power(restricted by various internal and external factors such as environment,ability,culture and system),which makes it difficult to achieve independent and self reliant development or cannot share the development achievements under certain social conditions.It points out that the essence of longterm poverty alleviation is that the income level of urban and rural residents can stably meet the needs of life and development and grow moderately and steadily,the low-income population can form an endogenous driving force and feasible ability to extricate themselves from poverty and can block the intergenerational transmission of poverty,the underdeveloped regions have strong and sustainable self-development ability and can achieve high-quality development,social security ability The anti risk ability and social participation have been significantly improved and can prevent the poverty of the group poor stratum,the absolute poverty has been eliminated steadily,the relative poverty has been significantly alleviated and the common prosperity has been gradually realized.Thirdly,it systematically combs and studies the development and innovation of the long-term poverty alleviation theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the formation and development process of the long-term poverty alleviation road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.According to the changes in the main driving forces for poverty reduction,the evolution of the long-term poverty reduction path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is divided into six important stages,namely,the universal poverty alleviation stage with institutional change and average distribution as the main driving force,the inclusive poverty reduction stage with rural system reform and agricultural development as the main driving force,the large-scale poverty reduction stage with rural industrialization,urbanization and regional economic development as the main driving force,and the regional balanced development The stage of comprehensive poverty eradication with human capital development and rural tax and fee reform as the main driving force,the stage of targeted poverty alleviation with the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way,social security coverage and strengthening agriculture,benefiting farmers and enriching farmers as the main driving force,and the stage of long-term poverty alleviation and prosperity with the overall revitalization of rural areas,coordinated regional development,new urbanization and common prosperity as the main driving force.Fourthly,it has deeply studied the poverty alleviation effect and the typical model of long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic areas(mainly the eight ethnic provinces and autonomous regions).The characteristics of "six districts" in ethnic areas and the current situation of economic and social development in ethnic areas are summarized and analyzed.The results of poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas are summarized,that is,all poor people have been lifted out of poverty,and the face of poor areas has undergone historic changes;The economy and society have achieved leapfrog development,and the ability of self-development has been significantly enhanced;The system of regional ethnic autonomy has been constantly improved,and remarkable achievements have been made in opening up to the outside world;Ethnic culture is thriving and developing,and ethnic relations are equal,united,mutually beneficial and harmonious.At the same time,12 typical long-term poverty alleviation models in six categories,including targeted poverty alleviation,targeted poverty alleviation,relocation,characteristic industries,education,health and border trade,formed in the practice of poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas were analyzed.Fifthly,taking Wufeng and Changyang Tujia Autonomous County in Hubei Province as practice samples,we conducted in-depth field surveys on the progress and main practices of poverty alleviation in ethnic areas,and further deepened the rules of practical experience.We studied and summarized the main driving forces of longterm poverty alleviation in ethnic areas,namely,the driving force of system guarantee:strong leadership of the Party,the superiority of the socialist system,and regional ethnic autonomy;The driving force of economic development: reform and opening up,sustained and rapid economic growth,and new urbanization;Motivation of social governance: rationalize income distribution,continuously and precisely help the poor,and strictly protect the ecological environment;The driving force of culture: giving priority to the development of education,carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture,and protecting and inheriting the excellent culture of ethnic minorities.Sixthly,it analyzed and studied the new challenges and opportunities faced by long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas in the new era with a view to the future,and pointed out that the goals and priorities of poverty governance in China in the new era have changed significantly,that is,from eliminating absolute poverty and solving food and clothing problems to alleviating relative poverty and achieving common prosperity;The poverty governance strategy has shifted from poverty alleviation to poverty prevention and assistance;The focus of poverty governance has shifted from mainly solving rural poverty and regional overall poverty to comprehensively solving urban and rural poverty and unbalanced and insufficient regional development;The main body of poverty governance has shifted from government leadership to the coordinated participation of government,market,society and the masses;The mode of poverty governance has changed from unconventional social mobilization to institutionalized,precise and comprehensive governance;The poverty governance policy has shifted from welfare oriented to development oriented,from direct fiscal expenditure oriented to fiscal leverage oriented.In the new era,the long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas is faced with difficulties and challenges,namely: relative poverty is multidimensional and complex,governance cycle is longer,and governance is more difficult;The stability of poverty alleviation is poor,and the risk of returning to poverty and new poverty is high;The economic and social development is lagging behind,and the ability of independent development is insufficient;The culture of poverty is deeply rooted,and there is a long way to go to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty.In the new era,the long-term poverty alleviation in ethnic areas is faced with strategic opportunities and policy dividends,that is,to build a solid Chinese national community,the strategic position of ethnic areas is becoming increasingly important;Integrate into the new development pattern,and the minority areas have large development space and policy dividends;To achieve green and low-carbon development,ethnic regions have great potential;To promote common prosperity,ethnic minority areas will gradually narrow the development gap with developed areas.Seventhly,it analyzes and studies how to build a long-term anti-poverty dynamic mechanism and its strategic choice in ethnic areas in the new era.Focusing on the main goal of comprehensively improving the self reliant development ability and sustainable development ability of ethnic minority areas,and in accordance with the basic principle of organic unity of continuity,progression and coordination,a longterm poverty alleviation "six in one" dynamic mechanism has been built,which integrates the goal traction power,system guarantee power,economic development power,social governance power,cultural guidance power and people’s endogenous power.Corresponding to it,six paths are put forward,namely:implementing self strengthening development strategy and activating target traction power;Implement the strategy of leading Party building and activate the power of system guarantee;Implement the strategy of industrial rise and activate the driving force of economic development;Implement the strategy of people’s livelihood sharing and activate the power of social governance;Implement the strategy of solidarity and common prosperity and activate the driving force of culture leading;Implement the main body cultivation strategy and activate the endogenous power of the masses.Put forward five combination strategies from the practical level,namely:adhere to the equal emphasis on external force and internal force,promote the strengths of regional autonomy,and make up for the weaknesses of independent development;We should attach equal importance to improving facilities and cultivating industries,promote the advantages of resource enrichment,and make up for the shortcomings of economic strength;Adhere to both intensive development and strict protection,promote the advantages of natural ecology,and make up for the shortcomings of green development;We should attach equal importance to ensuring health and improving quality,promote the strength of people’s livelihood,and make up for the shortage of intellectual ability;We should attach equal importance to governance in accordance with the law and the maintenance of unity,promote the strengths of ethnic culture,and make up for the weaknesses of modern civilization.