| Literacy is a new idea and answer to the question of "what kind of people to cultivate" at the national level since the 19 th National Congress,and it is also a new idea for the construction of China’s sports event grandstand culture.The civilized behavior of the audience is the manifestation of civilized literacy,and the spectators’ tournament viewing literacy in the stadium is also the most direct response to the spirit of the citizens.Reports of spectator incivility in the Chinese Men’s Basketball Professional League(CBA)are common in the media,seriously hindering the development of the event and the spread of grandstand culture.Based on the previous research on the "governance" of negative behavior of spectators,this study attempts to conduct a series of studies from the perspective of "Literacy" of civilized behavior,and takes the localization of quality before quantification as the basic idea,and systematically explores the problem of audience viewing literacy in stadiums.Among them,the first study uses the in-depth interview method combined with the grounded theoretical method to construct a conceptual model of the spectators’ tournament viewing literacy in the stadium.Based on the qualitative research results,the second study compiled a self-compiled measurement tool for spectators’ tournament viewing literacy with reliability and validity that meet the statistical requirements of psychometric research.Study 3: Based on the self-compiled stadium spectators’ tournament viewing literacy measurement tool,a large sample was used to investigate the current status of spectators’ tournament viewing literacy,group differences and group heterogeneity.Study 4: Combined with social psychology theory,self-compiled questionnaire on antecedents and aftereffects of stadium audience viewing literacy,and constructed the antecedent and after-effect models of stadium audience viewing literacy by using structural equation models.Finally,based on the embodied theory,the cultivation path of stadium audience viewing literacy is constructed.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The audience viewing literacy of the stadium is based on the reasonable cognition of the personal role and project knowledge in the stadium,the recognition of the norms of the stadium and social public places,and the stable rational decision-making under different stimulating events.Including reasonable role cognition,reasonable project cognition,normative identity,and rational decision-making four dimensions,behavioral civilization is an important foothold of literacy.Among them,reasonable role cognition and reasonable project cognition are the basis and basis for the spectators’ viewing literacy,rational judgment based on the corresponding norms of different stimulus events is the key link,and civilized behavior is the foothold.(2)The spectator spectators’ viewing literacy can be measured by self-reporting scales,which include 4 dimensions and 13 questions of reasonable role cognition,reasonable project cognition,normative identity,and rational decision-making.The reliability and validity of the scales reached the statistical standard,which could effectively measure the spectators’ viewing literacy in the stadium.(3)The overall spectators’ tournament viewing literacy of the stadium is at a medium level,and there is more room for improvement.There were significant gender and age differences in the viewing literacy of different spectators,among which men were significantly higher than women in "understanding the ball" literacy,women were significantly higher than men in "normative" literacy,and audience group literacy scores were highest between 36-55 years old.According to the heterogeneity of the audience,the stadium audience can be divided into four potential categories: high-literate type,rational type,intermediate type,and low-literacy type.The audience of the four categories had significant differences,with the highest scoring group being high-literate audiences,followed by rational audiences,and the lowest-scoring group being low-literate audiences,and there were significant differences in educational qualifications and number of spectators in the four categories.(4)Moral motivation and viewing motivation were the antecedent variables of the spectators’ tournament viewing literacy,but the interaction between the two had no significant impact on the spectators’ tournament viewing literacy.Civilized behavior is not a component of spectators’ tournament viewing literacy,but an important after-effect variable of spectator literacy,and subjective norms have a partial mediating effect between spectator spectator literacy and the occurrence of civilized behavior.(5)The traditional stadium audience training focuses on governance ideas,such as "law governance model" and "advocating conscious model",and the cultivation ideas are insufficient.Based on the embodied theory,focusing on the three embodied dimensions of "knowledge,emotion and cognition" of individuals,through the knowledge acquisition of "I master" : give full play to the permeable knowledge transmission role of fan associations and private fan clubs to fans,and improve the cognitive level of fan projects;"I can" emotional stimulation: fully improve the quality of the event,improve the audience viewing experience,enhance the motivation and confidence of the audience;The cognitive development of "I understand" : focus on the ideological and moral quality in the core values of individual socialism,do a good job in the internal control and external guidance of the audience’s ideological and moral quality,and promote the unity of knowledge and action of the audience;Finally,realize the literacy improvement of "I Action" : integrate the knowledge,emotion and cognitive dimensions to achieve the literacy improvement of "I Action" and promote the civilization of watching the competition. |
