| The population aging is an important global trend and also a fundamental national condition in China.Faced with the increasingly severe phenomenon of population aging,the “Positive Viewpoint on Aging” has been widely recognized by domestic and foreign scholars.Elderly social participation is the core connotation of the active aging concept and an important content of aging work.At present,there is still controversy regarding the definition of the concept,types,characteristics,and health associations of elderly social participation,and most studies are based on the perspective of activities,neglecting the importance of elderly subject status.Therefore,the study of social participation patterns for the elderly has practical significance and theoretical value.This article focuses on five aspects:(1)What are the elderly social participation patterns and what are the items included in the local context of elderly social participation patterns?(2)What are the characteristics of elderly social participation patterns and what are the differences in characteristics among different groups?(3)Will there be any changes in the elderly social participation patterns,and if so,what is their evolutionary trajectory? And are the changes in different elderly social participation patterns the same? If not,what are the differences in their evolutionary trajectories?(4)What are the factors that affect the changes in elderly social participation patterns,and which factors will be the dominant interfering factors? And what are the differences between different elderly social participation patterns?(5)How is the correlation between elderly social participation patterns and health status?More and more scholars recognize the causal relationship between them.Is the relationship between different elderly social participation patterns and different health conditions the same? If not,can we summarize the impact path?In terms of research methods,this article integrates the data of 2011~2018 of the China Health and Elderly Care Tracking Survey(CHARLS),and ultimately obtains4674 longitudinal data samples of the elderly.On the basis of data cleaning and variable setting,this article uses Mplus8.3 to complete latent variable analysis,including the construction of latent class analysis,growth mixed model,and autoregressive cross-lagged model.At the same time,Stata17.0 was used to complete the analysis content of “from latent variable to observed variable”,including summarizing group characteristics and analyzing influencing factors.In terms of theoretical analysis,this article formulates the possible results of elderly social participation patterns by sorting out the trade-offs between work and family,as well as labor and leisure.Based on the theory of health balance,it proposes the possibility hypothesis of the impact of elderly social participation patterns on health status.Based on the hierarchy of needs theory and social capital theory,it proposes the possibility hypothesis of the impact of health status on elderly social participation patterns.The research results mainly include the potential categories and characteristics,evolution trajectory and influencing factors of elderly social participation patterns,as well as the causal relationship between elderly social participation patterns and health status.The specific content is as follows.In terms of category analysis,this article uses latent class analysis(LCA)to cluster the elderly social participation patterns from three dimensions: economic activity,family activity,and leisure activity,ultimately forming four major models:work-family type,leisure and entertainment type,negative participation type,and balanced participation type.The results showed that in the 2011 sample survey,the elderly social participation patterns were mainly negative participation type and work-family type.In the 2013 and 2015 sample surveys,the elderly social participation patterns were mainly work-family type.In the 2018 sample survey,the elderly social participation patterns were mainly negative participation type.From the perspective of group characteristics,the main characteristics of the elderly who choose to be negative participation type are that they are older,have no spouse,female,and have good health in Northeast China.The main characteristics of the elderly who choose to be work-family type are male and have spouses.The main characteristics of the elderly who choose to be leisure and entertainment type are female,educated,have no spouse,and the expected source of life is not children and towns.The characteristics of the elderly who choose to be balanced participation type is education.In terms of evolution trajectory analysis,this article uses the growth mixed model(GMM)to analyze the overall trend of changes in the social participation patterns of the elderly and the trend of changes in each pattern.The results showed that the internal change trajectory of elderly social participation patterns includes three scales: deterioration,unchanged,and improvement.Specifically,elderly people who tend to be negative participation type tend to show a slight decrease and a significant increase,with the number of people experiencing similar changes.Elderly people who tend to be work-family type tend to show a slight increase and a significant decrease,with slightly more people experiencing a slight increase.The elderly who tend to be leisure and entertainment type oriented tend to have a small increase and a majority remain unchanged,with about 90% of leisure and entertainment oriented elderly people remaining unchanged.Elderly people who tend to engage in balanced participation type tend to experience a decrease in minority and an increase in majority,but the decrease is slightly higher than the increase.From the perspective of group differences,variables such as age,gender,whether they have read a book,whether they have a spouse,health status,and children have a significant impact on various social participation patterns of the elderly.It is worth discussing that elderly people with more children are more inclined to choose the work-family type,while elderly people with fewer children are more inclined to choose the leisure and entertainment type.In addition,some indicators only have an impact on a certain social participation pattern.For example,elderly people with poor childhood health are more likely to choose negative participation type,while the impact is not significant on other modes.Elderly people with more siblings tend to choose the work-family type,while the impact is not significant in other models.In terms of health effect analysis,this article uses the autoregressive cross-lagged model(CLPM)to discuss the correlation between various elderly social participation patterns and self-rated health,physical health,mental health,and comprehensive health.The results showed that there is an inherent correlation between the elderly social participation patterns and their self-rated health,which is characterized by a“non-negative participation type to self-rated health to balanced participation type”.There is a causal relationship between the elderly social participation patterns and their physical health,forming a “non-negative participation type to physical health to non-negative participation type” relationship.The internal relationship between the elderly social participation patterns and their mental health is formed as “leisure and entertainment type to mental health to leisure and entertainment type/balanced participation type”.The elderly social participation patterns and the frailty index form a mutual inhibitory effect of “work-family type,elderly frailty to non-negative participation type”,while the elderly social participation patterns and healthy aging form a promoting relationship of “work-family type to healthy aging to work-family type”.Based on the model results,the causal relationships between “labor-health”,“leisure-health”,and “balance-health” are deduced,and the rationality of the causal relationship results is explained from three aspects: model thinking,impact mechanism,and practical connection.Based on the above conclusions,this article attempts to propose corresponding policy recommendations from four aspects.Firstly,establish the concept of aging civilization and actively respond to the challenges of aging.The second is to build an elderly friendly society and assist the elderly in empowering and empowering them.The third is to support the elderly to achieve something and enhance their sense of gain and value.The fourth is to advocate for moderate and differentiated participation to enhance the physical and mental health of the elderly.The above four suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of ideological construction in the macro environment,improving the built environment,and supporting the social environment,as well as the diverse perspectives of the elderly subjective initiative in the micro environment,to form active aging suggestions that focus on optimizing the elderly social participation patterns. |
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