Research On The Influence Of Human Capital And Social Capital On Dynamics Of Relative Poverty Of Rural Households In China

Eliminating poverty,improving people’s livelihoods and gradually achieving common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism and an important mission of the CPC.The Chinese government has always taken poverty eradication as the top priority of government work.Since reform and opening-up,the Chinese government has begun to carry out poverty alleviation work in an organized and planned way,and the amount of poor population in rural China has continued to decrease.By the end of 2020,China had achieved the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty.But it does not mean that poverty work end.In the post-poverty era,the Chinese government’s poverty alleviation work faces a new challenge — the relatively poor people will become the main body of poverty.Considering the diversity and complexity of the causes of poverty,the risk of returning to poverty still exists.What’s worse,the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will take an even greater toll on vulnerable populations.The No.1document of the CPC Central Committee in 2022 pointed out that we should resolutely guard the bottom line of preventing poverty reduction on a large scale.In a tough external environment,increasing the self-development capacity of rural households helps reduce the risk of returning to poverty in the future.Therefore,based on the perspective of resources endowment of rural households,with relatively poverty of rural households in China as the breakthrough point,this paper explores the resources endowment for theory correlation of rural households’ relative poverty dynamics and uses micro data to empirically test.It deepens the discussion of rural poverty in our country and helps to stimulate thinking about of alleviating relative poverty further.China is in the process of building a modern socialist country in an allround way and moving from a moderately prosperous society in all respects to common prosperity.Preventing rural households from falling into relative poverty in the future is of great theoretical and practical significance for promoting rural revitalization and common prosperity.This paper takes the dynamics of relative poverty of rural households in China as the research object,and get down to a research based on the actual situation of rural households in China according to the logic of ―problem proposal→theoretical analysis→current situation characteristics→empirical analysis→conclusion and suggestion‖.The main contents of the study include: Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper clarifies the core connotation of relative poverty dynamics of rural households in China,dynamic characteristics and regional differences of relative poverty of rural households in China,empirical analysis of the impact of human capital and social capital on rural households’ relative poverty dynamics.This paper consists of8 chapters.Chapter 1 mainly introduces the research background,research significance,research ideas,research methods and research innovations.Chapter 2 analyzes the relevant theories of resource endowment and poverty dynamics as well as relevant domestic and foreign literatures.Chapter 3 theoretically analyzes the impact of human capital and social capital on the rural households’ vulnerability to relative poverty and proposes research hypotheses.Chapter 4 uses the survival analysis method to observe the duration of relative poverty(non-poverty)of rural households,and analyzes the status,influencing factors and characteristics of relative poverty dynamics of rural households in China.Chapter 5 uses two-way fixed effect model and panel quantile regression model to analyze the impact of human capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households.Furthermore,heterogeneity test is conducted in this chapter to analyze the impact of human capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households in different regions and different poverty status.Finally,endogeneity problem is discussed and the robustness test is carried out.Chapter 6 uses ordinary least square model to analyze the impact of social capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households.Furthermore,heterogeneity test is conducted in this chapter to analyze the impact of social capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households in different regions and different poverty status.Finally,Finally,endogeneity problem is discussed and the robustness test is carried out.Chapter 7 analyzes the transmission mechanism of impact of human capital and social capital on vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households in China.This chapter uses two-way fixed effect model to empirically test the transmission mechanism of impact of human capital on vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households through social capital and household income.This chapter uses bootstrap mediation model to empirically test the transmission mechanism of impact of social capital on vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households further.Chapter 8 concludes briefly based on theoretical analysis and empirical test and put forward the relevant policy suggestions to alleviate the relative poverty of rural households in China.Through the research in the above chapters,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Most rural households in relative poverty status in China will get rid of relative poverty status in the next observation period.Most rural households in non-poverty status remain in the non-poverty status in the next observation period.The risk of rural households falling into relative poverty is less than the risk of getting rid of poverty.Most rural households in relative poverty can get rid of poverty quickly after experiencing shortterm poverty.The longer the relative poverty duration of rural households,the smaller the risk of getting rid of poverty.The longer the non-poverty duration of rural households,the smaller the risk of falling into poverty.(2)Both human capital and social capital can significantly reduce the probability of rural households falling into relative poverty in the future.The influence of human capital and social capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households is heterogeneous.The influence of human capital and social capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households in eastern region is the largest,followed by central region and the least in western region.(3)Human capital can alleviate the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households through increasing social capital and income.There is a transmission mechanism of the impact of social capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households.Labor migration has a partial mediating effect in the process of social capital,social network,social trust and social status affecting the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)The survival analysis model is introduced tentatively to reflect the dynamic characteristics of relative poverty of rural households in China.This paper introduces a time dimension to the study and assessment of household poverty dynamics in rural China.And this paper observes the trend of relative poverty status in rural China in a long survey period.This paper not only focuses on the relative poverty status transition of rural households in two adjacent time periods,but also focuses on the related factors affecting the poverty status transition.(2)From the perspective of resource endowment,the theory of human capital,social capital and poverty dynamics are integrated into the theoretical analysis framework,and the impact of human capital and social capital on the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households are empirically tested.Most of the existing studies focus on the empirical discussion of the effect of material capital,human capital and social capital on absolute poverty.However,absolute poverty has been eliminated and relative poverty has become the main body of poverty.And in the current environment,the risk of rural families returning to poverty is still very high.In view of this,this paper focuses on the mechanism of human capital and social capital affecting the dynamics of rural relative poverty.It also empirically examines the effects of human capital and social capital on the dynamics of rural family relative poverty.This paper uses entropy method to integrate human capital index and social capital index respectively.This quantitative method not only makes up for the lack of single measurement of human capital index and social capital index,but also helps to enrich the research scope of human capital and social capital.(3)This paper further analyzes the mechanism of human capital and social capital affecting the vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households,and provides a scientific path choice to prevent rural families from falling into relative poverty in the future.This paper empirically tested the mechanism of human capital’s influence on vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households through social capital and income by using two-way fixed effect model,and used Bootstrap mediation effect to measure the mediating effect of labor migration in the process of social capital’s influence on vulnerability to relative poverty of rural households,which could be a useful supplement for the formulation of targeted poverty alleviation policies.