Multi-Coupling Spatial Optimization Modeling In The Context Of Sustainable Development

Sustainable spatial development from across the country and worldwide faces severe challenges and has become a significant threat to sustainable development.Only through scientific planning and guidance of spatial development can sustainable development be achieved.Several Opinions on Establishing Territorial Spatial Planning System and Supervising for Implementation pointed out that spatial planning is a guide for spatial development,the spatial blueprint for sustainable development,and a key measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization and build a beautiful China.Spatial planning is to plan a spatial development and protection pattern with all elements,land and sea coordination,and regional coordinated development,crucial to implement ecological civilization and new development concepts.The studies on spatial optimization modeling have important significance both in theory and practice in responding to the demand for both sustainable development goals and spatial planning.Our study explores the modeling framework and critical technology of spatial optimization concepts in a new era in the context of challenges derived from global and national sustainable spatial development.The multi-coupling spatial optimization modeling was carried out from two aspects of simulation and optimization models.We take Wuhan and Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)as the empirical study.Firstly,an urban dynamic simulation model coupling top-down and bottom-up strategy was proposed to coordinate the spatial allocation in the process of macro-scale demand and micro-scale allocation and to realize the spatial constraint of urban land increments(i.e.,ring constraint),which improves model’s accuracy and performance significantly and assists in the urban spatial plan optimization modelling.Secondly,since the existing optimization models are challenging to apply to spatial planning in the new era,an integrated spatial optimization model combining resource and environment carrying capacity evaluation,territorial space development suitability evaluation(referred to as double evaluation),and spatial optimization algorithm was proposed to delineate multiscenarios urban growth boundaries.Finally,since existing models are challenging to apply to large-scale spatial optimization,a Future Land use Optimization model for Ecological protection(FLOE)for optimizing land-use patterns from an ecological priority perspective was proposed to achieve predetermined optimization objectives and coordinate trans-administrative land-use optimization problems and guided the spatial planning for large-scale areas.It can also be used for multi-objective spatial optimization in large-scale areas.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:1.Our study presents the modeling framework of spatial optimization modeling in the new era to guide spatial optimization modelling.(1)In the context of a severe challenge derived from global and national sustainable spatial development,spatial optimization in the new era should follow four basic concepts: ecological priority,conservation priority,intensive development,and coordinated development;(2)In methodology,the essence of spatial optimization is spatial layout optimization problem with multi-element,multi-objective,and multi-subject.The key to technological improvement is quantifying concepts and goals as quantitative indicators,optimization objective function,constraints,and operating rules,further coordinating the optimization objective conflicts.A conceptual framework was proposed to guide spatial optimization modelling;(3)In technology,the spatial optimization model in the new era inherits the technology of the geographic simulation and optimization technology and focuses more on the deep integration between the geographic simulation optimize technologies and the spatial optimization concepts,goals,etc.2.An urban dynamic simulation model coupling top-down and bottom-up strategies.(1)A dynamic simulation model coupling top-down and bottom-up strategy(S-CMM-CA)was proposed to coordinate the spatial allocation in the process of macro-scale demand and micro-scale allocation.(2)The proposed model comprises two parts: A macro-scale control(the proposed optimization strategy)and a micro-scale allocation(maximum probability transformation rule).The macro-scale control was used to predict the parameter of the inverse S-shaped function of future urban land use patterns and further deduce urban land increment within each concentric ring;microscale allocation was incorporated into the CA model to allocate the urban land based on the deduced urban land increment within each concentric ring.With such figuration,the model realizes the micro-constraint of the spatial pattern distribution of urban land increments(i.e.,ring constraint).(3)Urban development area in Wuhan was selected to test the proposed model’s performance,and the conventional and the proposed approache was compared.The results demonstrated that the proposed approach could retain the model’s accuracy and better simulate the macro morphology of urban development dynamics and generate a more realistic urban dynamic pattern in the urban sub-centre and fringe regions.(4)The proposed model can also generate multiscenarios(compact,sprawling,and stable scenarios)urban land patterns by controlling the parameters of the inverse S-shaped function.3.An integrated spatial optimization model combining double evaluation and spatial optimization algorithm was proposed to delineate multi-scenarios urban growth boundaries.(1)An integrated spatial optimization model combining double evaluation and spatial optimization algorithm was proposed to generate multi-scenarios land use patterns under the multi-objective and constraint,further delineating corresponding urban growth boundaries(UGBs).(2)Resource and environment carrying capacity analyze the type of resource and environment carrying capacity for each sub-area.A modified mechanism was then proposed to coordinate the conflict between urban growth and resource and environmental protection and quantifies it as a macro-scale constraint of the spatial optimization algorithm.Micro-constraint of the spatial pattern distribution of urban land increments is incorporated into the model to improve the model’s performance.(3)Spatial development suitability and urban landscape compactness are viewed as optimization objectives of spatial optimization algorithms.(4)A modified ant colony optimization algorithm was used to coordinate the conflicts among multi–objectives to the greatest extent.The results show that the proposed model can promote regional sustainable development and has a wide range of application prospects under spatial optimization in China.4.Spatial optimization modeling with an ecological priority perspective for largescale spatial planning.It is of great significance for protecting the eco-environment to realize the collaborative optimization of land use patterns for large-scale and transadministrative regions.(1)Our study proposed a Future Land use Optimization model for Ecological protection(FLOE)from an ecological priority perspective.(2)The proposed FLOE model improves the control of ecological indicators in land use optimization and meets the predetermined optimization objectives in a dynamic feedback mechanism.(3)The LUCCs of YREB during 2010-2015 were selected to validate the applicability of the proposed FLOE model.The validation results show that compared to actual LUCCs,the proposed model can significantly reduce ecosystem function loss.Moreover,the proposed model was also applied to the land use optimization from 2010 to 2030 in YREB.(4)The proposed FLOE model can be used for multi-objective spatial optimization in large-scale areas.In this paper,with the background of spatial planning for the new era,starting from the actual demand,we explore spatial optimization modeling.Our study elaborated the modeling framework and key technology of spatial optimization concepts in a new era and proposed the corresponding spatial optimization models from the urban and regional scale.Taking Wuhan and YREB separately as the case study to validate the proposed optimization models’ practicability.The study enriches the theoretical framework of spatial optimization modeling in the new era and broadens the methods of spatial optimization modeling,and can assist the practice of spatial planning in the new era.