| Many studies have shown that institutions play a vital role in economic development.As the most important participant in the social economy,the growth and development of enterprises determine the speed and quality of social and economic development.The low efficiency of resource allocation will lead to the waste of economic resources,resulting in huge output loss of enterprises and even the output loss of the whole society,which is not conducive to social and economic development.The transformation of export products and other enterprise behaviors can fully reflect the process of internal resource allocation.Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between institutional quality and enterprise behaviors.Trade liberalization has become a global trend,which has greatly promoted the development of the world economy.As an important part of the social and economic system,intellectual property protection aims to protect innovation achievements,effectively adjust the factor allocation efficiency of enterprises,and achieve long-term social and economic growth by promoting R&D and innovation.Both trade liberalization and intellectual property protection are of great significance to international trade and enterprise development,but there are also inherent contradictions between them.Enterprise productivity reflects the comprehensive use efficiency of various production factors and is an important embodiment of the improvement of production technology and efficiency.The transformation of export products and the adjustment of export product mix are important ways for enterprises to cope with the changes of external costs and competition environment.The former reflects the specific product adjustment behavior for exporters,while the latter reflects the structural changes of export products for exporters.At the same time,the latter is also the final manifestation of the former.Upgrading the quality of export products helps to optimize the structure of export products,which is closely related to the promotion of corporate image and its international competitiveness.The above four kinds of enterprise behaviors together reflect the process of resource reallocation within the enterprise and affect the survival and market competitiveness of the enterprise,while the enterprise productivity is the basis of the other three kinds of enterprise export behaviors.This paper will take Chinese manufacturing enterprises as the research object,try to investigate the relationship comprehensively and systematically between intellectual property protection and enterprise behaviors in the context of trade liberalization,and reveal the micro impact of intellectual property protection on Chinese manufacturing enterprises.This paper examines enterprise behavior from four dimensions:enterprise productivity,export product switching,export product mix adjustment and export product quality,and intellectual property protection from four levels:country,province,city,and industry.This paper not only uses highly detailed enterprise level data and multi-dimensional intellectual property protection indicators,but also uses the world input-output table to construct industrial intermediate tariffs and final tariffs,to explore the impact of intellectual property protection more accurately on different enterprise behaviors and the corresponding mechanisms in the context of trade liberalization.This paper consists of eight chapters.Chapter 1 is the introduction,which introduces the basic situation of this paper,including the research background and significance,research content and methods,innovation,and deficiency.Chapter 2 is a literature review,which reviews the important literature on intellectual property protection,trade liberalization and enterprise productivity,enterprise export product switching,enterprise export product mix,enterprise export product quality,and the relationship between intellectual property protection and enterprise import and innovation.Chapter 3 is the stylized facts of enterprise behaviors,intellectual property protection and trade liberalization.It summarizes the stylized facts of enterprise productivity,enterprise export product switching,enterprise export product mix and enterprise export product quality,the stylized facts of intellectual property protection at the national,provincial,urban,and industrial levels,and some stylized facts of trade liberalization.Chapters 4 to 7 are the core chapters of this paper.Among them,Chapter 4 empirically studies the impact of intellectual property protection on enterprise productivity and the corresponding mechanism by using the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2000 to 2007.It is found that under the background of trade liberalization,strengthening intellectual property protection will significantly promote the improvement of enterprise total factor productivity.This result remains robust after using different intellectual property protection measurement methods,different total factor productivity estimation methods,considering the impact of sample extreme values,using different instrument variables,and even considering the impact of the 2008 financial crisis.The impact mechanism test shows that stronger intellectual property protection can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises by encouraging enterprises to conduct more innovative activities and import higher quality capital goods.This paper also finds that strengthening intellectual property protection will have a heterogeneous productivity impact on enterprises with various levels of vertical integration and ownership structure.Chapter 5 uses the data of China’s manufacturing export enterprises from 2000 to 2007 to empirically explore the impact of intellectual property protection on enterprises’export product switching behavior.It is found that strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights in export areas has a significant impact on the export product switching behavior of enterprises.From the perspective of product range,strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights reduces the possibility of the expansion of product categories of enterprises,which is more likely to reduce the types of their export products.From the perspective of specific product switching behavior,strengthening intellectual property protection increases the switching behavior tendency of both adding and eliminating products and only eliminating products,while reducing the switching behavior tendency of only adding and neither adding nor eliminating products.After fully considering the impact of trade liberalization,the product switching effect of intellectual property protection still exists significantly.Strengthening the level of intellectual property protection in the province where the enterprise is located leads the enterprise to take the two-way behavior of both adding and eliminating products,the behavior of net eliminating products,the behavior of net adding products and the behavior of neither adding nor eliminating products in the order of behavioral preference.When considering the factors of trade liberalization,this response order still exists.Chapter 6 uses the data of China’s manufacturing export enterprises from 2000 to 2007 to empirically explore the impact of intellectual property protection on the export product portfolio of enterprises and the corresponding mechanism.It is found that strengthening the intellectual property protection of export places will promote export enterprises to adjust their export product structure with higher export product adding rate and export product elimination rate.This result can remain robust when using different intellectual property protection measurement methods,considering the impact of sample extreme values,using different instrumental variables,and even considering the impact of trade liberalization and subsidies.The corresponding influence mechanism includes mediating effect mechanism and moderating effect mechanism.In terms of mediating effect mechanism,stronger intellectual property protection can increase the adding rate of export products by encouraging more innovative activities and increase the elimination rate of export products by inhibiting FDI absorption and importing fewer varieties of intermediate and capital goods.In terms of moderating effect mechanism,enterprises with low degree of industrial upstream tend to have higher export product adding rate and elimination rate in the face of stronger intellectual property protection,while export enterprises with high degree of vertical integration will increase their export product adding rate and elimination rate in the face of stricter intellectual property protection.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the adding rate of export products and the elimination rate of export products of enterprises with different ownership structure,trade type and degree of industrial trade liberalization will be affected differently by the intellectual property protection.Finally,this paper also finds that intellectual property protection has a different impact on the export switching rate of diverse types of products.Chapter 7 empirically explores the impact of intellectual property protection on the quality of enterprises’ export products and the corresponding mechanism by using the data of China’s manufacturing export enterprises from 2008 to 2013.The study finds that stronger intellectual property protection in export cities promotes the improvement of the quality of enterprises’ export products,and this conclusion remains robust under a series of different settings,such as the use of different intellectual property protection measurement methods and different instrumental variables.The analysis of influencing mechanism shows that strengthening intellectual property protection can improve the quality of export products through strengthening R&D investment,new product development and easing external financing constraints.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the improvement of local intellectual property protection is conducive to the improvement of export quality of low capital-intensive enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises,and patent-intensive enterprises.In addition,for enterprises in the central and western regions and processing trade enterprises,the impact of intellectual property protection on the quality of export products is not statistically significant.Finally,after considering the impact of trade liberalization,the enhancement of intellectual property protection still plays a significant role in promoting the quality of export products of enterprises,and the decline of industrial tariffs is not conducive to the improvement of export quality of enterprises.However,a larger reduction of industrial intermediate input tariffs and final product tariffs will be more conducive to the improvement of export product quality of enterprises.Chapter 8 summarizes the full text,summarizes the main research conclusions,obtains the corresponding policy enlightenment,and points out the further research direction. |
