| In the new journey of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,,the continuous establishment and expansion of agricultural industrial clusters have intensified the internal competition of agricultural industry and increased the factor cost.Farmers generally have problems such as diminishing marginal returns and increasing production without increasing income.Continuous agricultural technology innovation,promotion and adoption of high-value industrial chain technology and Realization of industrial integration development are the main breakthrough to solve the current problems faced by the agricultural industry.However,under the current background of farmers’ differentiation,the behavior characteristics of industrial chain technology adoption of farmers with different differentiation attributes are heterogeneous.Scientific research on Farmers’ differentiation can put forward policy suggestions to support farmers with different differentiation characteristics to integrate into high-value industrial chain technical activities.Ignoring the differentiation characteristics of farmers,the organizational support strategy of industrial organizations is prone to targeting deviation,and even has a negative impact on the technology adoption behavior of different types of growers in the industrial chain.In addition,in the process of effective connection between Rural Revitalization and poverty alleviation,it is also of great practical significance to explore whether the adoption of highvalue industrial chain technology has the effect of poverty reduction and how to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation through the adoption of high-value industrial chain technology.Based on the above research background,this study takes Shaanxi Kiwi industry as an example.By combing the technological change process of Shaanxi kiwi fruit industrial chain,this paper summarizes the high-value industrial chain technology urgently needed to be adopted by growers in the current period.Based on the theory of farmers,the theory of new structural economics,the theory of sustainable livelihood and the relevant research of farmers’ differentiation,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of farmers’ differentiation,organizational support and technology participation in high-value industrial chain.This framework includes such links as "farmers’ differentiation-technology cognition of high-value industrial chain-technology decision-making of high-value industrial chain,actual selection-technology adoption effect of high-value industrial chain".Finally,this study summarizes the internal and external environmental threats faced by the current industrial upgrading.Research conclusions on the characteristics of different types of growers,technology selection bias of high-value industrial chain,organizational support,technology adoption effect and so on.This study puts forward policy suggestions to promote farmers to adopt high-value industrial chain technology and alleviate multidimensional poverty of farmers.The relevant research of this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The technological evolution of kiwifruit industry chain in Shaanxi Province can be divided into three stages: the first stage(1978-2005)is mainly characterized by the preliminary development and industrial commercialization of kiwifruit germplasm resources;In the second stage(2006-2014),with the assistance of industrial organizations represented by Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology,the construction of Kiwi industry standardization,marketization and branding was gradually started through model innovation.In this stage,the pollution-free production of Kiwi was basically realized,and the construction of post production refrigeration infrastructure was strengthened;The third stage(2015-present)is mainly characterized by further expansion of planting area and all-round industrial upgrading.During this period,the government formulated the "eastward expansion and southward migration" strategy for industrial development,and the green heart Kiwi varieties represented by Xuxiang and Cuixiang gradually replaced the original varieties;Promote the application of organic fertilizer to improve soil and promote the construction of organic standard orchards;Leading enterprises have widely participated in the industrial chain links such as postpartum refrigeration,processing,marketing and even overseas sales,and the brand popularity of kiwi fruit has been continuously improved;At the same time,e-commerce has also sprung up in this period of time.Network sales has become a development field that the government and growers focus on.Through the above combing,this study identified the three industrial chain technologies of new variety adoption,organic fertilizer application and online sales as Kiwi high-value industrial chain technology,selected agricultural machinery subsidies,technical training and industrial organization testing as organizational support variables,and kiwi growers’ high-value industrial chain technology adoption behavior as the research object.(2)In this paper,kiwifruit growers are divided into three types: type 1 is a typical traditional small farmers.Compared with other types of farmers,its labor resources are relatively rich,so type 1 is defined as labor-intensive farmers;Type 2 also belongs to the category of small-scale growers.Different from type 1 growers,the prominent feature of type 2 growers is that on the basis of their own endowment,they not only pursue the maximization of short-term income,but also expect to improve family income by updating planting varieties and actively expanding online sales channels.In this paper,type 2growers are defined as development growers;Type 3 growers are large-scale growers.Compared with the first two types of growers,they are characterized by the largest planting scale,the highest stock of fixed capital and human capital,but the most lack of labor resources.Therefore,type 3 growers are defined as large-scale growers.(3)Analysis of high-value industrial chain technology cognition of different types of growers.All three types of growers believe that the adoption of high-value industrial chain technology is conducive to increasing income and improving the ecological environment.However,the impact of organizational support on different types of growers is heterogeneous;Firstly,organizational support variables generally have a significant positive impact on the cognitive variables of development farmers and scale farmers;Secondly,technology training has a significant negative impact on the cognition of technology income of labor-intensive growers in high-value industrial chain;Finally,kiwi fruit detection has a significant positive impact on the technological ecological cognition of labor-intensive growers in the high-value industrial chain.(4)Decision analysis of technology adoption in high-value industrial chain of different types of growers.In this paper,the decision-making problem of high-value industrial chain technology of growers is divided into two dimensions: whether growers adopt high-value industrial chain technology and the degree of adoption.The results show that laborintensive growers have a positive impact on participating in at least one high-value industrial chain technology activity.However,the influence on the variables of adoption degree is not significant.Farmers’ cognition plays an intermediary role in the decisionmaking process of labor-intensive growers’ high-value industrial chain technology.And the intermediary effect of technology adoption on high-value industrial chain is not significant.The adjustment effect of organizational support level on Farmers’ cognitive variables of labor-intensive farmers is not significant.The development type growers and scale type growers have a positive impact on at least one high-value industrial chain activity and the degree of high-value industrial chain technology participation.Farmers’ cognition plays a partial intermediary role in the decision-making process of these two types of growers in the industrial chain,and the regulatory effect of organizational support level is also positive and significant.(5)Analysis on the actual choice of high-value industrial chain technology of different types of growers.The three types of growers have heterogeneous selection bias in the adoption of technical activities in high-value industrial chain.Among them,the preference of developing growers for high-value industrial chain technology and its joint adoption is higher than that of other types.However,the preference of labor rich growers for high-value industrial chain technology is lower than that of the other two types of growers.The three organizational support variables have heterogeneous effects on the participation of the same type of growers in different high-value industrial chain technologies and the participation of different types of growers in the same high-value industrial chain technologies.(6)Economic effect analysis of technology adoption in high-value industrial chain.This study found that the adoption of three single high-value industrial chain technologies,namely organic fertilizer,new varieties and online sales,had a positive impact on the net income per mu,net income and household net income of kiwifruit.The economic effect of the joint adoption of various high-value industrial chain technologies is measured by means of propensity score matching.The results show that the joint adoption of organic fertilizer and new varieties,organic fertilizer and online sales,new varieties and online sales,and the joint adoption of three high-value industrial chain technologies have a positive impact on the net income per mu,net income of kiwifruit and net income of families.(7)Farmers’ participation in agricultural high-value industrial chain technology plays a positive role in alleviating the multidimensional poverty reduction effect,but the Multidimensional Poverty Reduction Effect of different industrial chain technologies is heterogeneous.Firstly,for labor-intensive growers,the application of organic fertilizer and the adoption of new varieties have a positive impact on improving the identification and degree of multidimensional poverty.The effect of improved varieties on alleviating multidimensional poverty is higher than that of organic fertilizer application.The four situations of the adoption of various high-value industrial chain technologies have a positive impact on labor-intensive growers to alleviate multidimensional poverty.Secondly,for developing growers,the application of organic fertilizer,the adoption of new varieties and online sales of three single high-value industrial chain technologies and the joint adoption of a variety of high-value industrial chain technologies play a positive role in alleviating the Multidimensional Poverty of developing growers.The poverty reduction effect of online sales is higher than that of the other two high-value industrial chain technologies.When the three high-value industrial chain technologies are adopted,the poverty reduction effect is the best.Finally,for large-scale farmers,the application of organic fertilizer is the best to improve the Multidimensional Poverty Reduction Effect of these farmers.Similarly,the joint adoption of a variety of high-value industrial chain technologies has a positive impact on the Multidimensional Poverty Reduction Effect of farmers.(8)Based on the above research results,policy suggestions are put forward.First,the government should continue to support and expand cooperatives,agricultural materials companies and leading enterprises;Second,provide classified guidance for growers to integrate into high-value industrial chain technology.For example,promote the land circulation of some labor-intensive growers,increase the subsidy investment for developing growers,and alleviate the problem of insufficient labor supply of large-scale growers by means of mutual assistance among farmers and activating the labor market;Third,improve the accuracy of organizational support for different types of growers(especially laborintensive growers);Finally,improve the human capital of rural population,increase the investment in medical resources and network infrastructure,so as to alleviate the Multidimensional Poverty of farmers. |
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