| Standing in the historical position of the new era,the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China creatively put forward the strategy of rural revitalization(RR),aiming to solve realistic dilemmas of rural development,such as "urban growth and village decline",decline of traditional rural industries,hollowing out of rural areas,marginalization of rural culture because of China’s urban-rural dual structure system for a long-term.As an important part of China’s modern economic system and a modern service industry that improves people’s well-being,tourism industry has the characteristics of good integration,strong correlation,great driving force,and wide range of benefits,which determines its special status and unique function in the historical process of RR.In February 2018,the "Opinions on Implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council emphasized the need to strengthen the "integrated development of tourism and rural revitalization".In December2021,the "14th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development" issued by the State Council clearly proposed to "promote tourism high-quality development(THQ)" and make it "an important force for rural revitalization".THQ and RR are not only the key tasks of local governments,but also receive great attention from researchers in related fields.How to realize the coordinated development and mutual benefit of tourism and RR has become an important practical problem to be solved urgently under the background of regional high-quality development in the new era.In the existing literature,scholars have conducted a lot of researches on the one-way relationship between tourism and rural revitalization.From the perspective of system coupling,however,there are few quantitative studies on the coupling coordination phenomenon,evolution and effect of THQ and RR.Therefor,the thesis takes the coupling coordination between THQ and RR as the research object,and conducts theoretical analysis and empirical research on the connotation mechanism,spatial-temporal characteristics,evolution laws and spatial effects of the coupling coordination of the two.It is of great significance to promote the orderly and harmonious development of tourism and RR.Under the dual background of theory and reality,this thesis conducts a systematic study on the coupling coordination between THQ and RR.Based on the existing literature at home and abroad,taking the new development theory,tourism spatial structure theory,rural human-land relationship regional system theory,spatial spillover theory and coupling coordination theory as the theoretical basis,following the "theoretical mechanism analysis,element comprehensive measurement,spatial-temporal evolution analysis,revelation of spatial effects,path regulation and optimization" research line,using provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2019,a comprehensive multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method,coupled coordination model,Dagum Gini coefficient,non-parametric kernel density estimation,obstacle model,spatial analysis technology based arcgis and spatial Durbin model are used.This thesis quantitatively measures the level of coupling coordination between THQ and RR in China,discusses its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and impact mechanism,and finally puts forward improvement paths and policy suggestions to promote coordinated development of THQ and RR,in order to enrich the existing research content and method system on the interactive coupling relationship between tourism development and RR,and provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the high-quality coordinated development of tourism and rural construction.The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1)There is a significant interactive coupling relationship between THQ and RR in China from 2010 to 2019.In terms of coupling mechanism,THQ drives the revitalization and development of rural areas through structural effect,technical effect,agglomeration effect,ecological effect and cultural effect;RR has a feedback effect on regional THQ through the all-round development of industry,ecology,culture,society and governance.The empirical study found that the overall level of China’s THQ index and RR index from 2010 to 2019 was not so high,but both showed a clear growth trend.The average of THQ index increased from0.1553 in 2010 to 0.2454 in 2019,and the average of RR index increased from 0.3197 to0.4339.The THQ and RR index in each province basically demonstrated a consistent upward trend.From the perspective of regional development,both showed the distribution pattern of "eastern region>central region>northeast region>western region".Cointegration test and panel regression analysis indicated that there is a long-term balanced causal relationship and a dynamic correlation coupling relationship between China’s THQ and RR.(2)The coupling and coordination between THQ and RR in China from 2010 to 2019 showed an insufficient and unbalanced development trend.The results indicated that the coupling coordination degree between THQ and RR showed an upward trend year by year from 2010 to 2019,with an average value between 0.466 and 0.566.It can be divided into two stages of near-disorder development(2010-2012)and primary coordinated development(2013-2019),which stated clearly that after the "18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China",the coordinated development of THQ and RR have made significant progress,but in general there is still a long way to go.From the provincial level,the coupling coordination degree of Jiangsu,Guangdong,Shanghai,Beijing,and Shandong is higher than0.6,belonging to the first echelon.The coupling coordination degree between THQ and RR of Zhejiang,Anhui,Yunnan,Tianjin,Fujian,Chongqing,Henan,Hubei,and Jiangxi provinces is between 0.5 and 0.6,and the average score of the remaining 16 provinces is lower than 0.5.From the regional level,the eastern region(0.573)has the highest level of coupling coordination degree,followed by the central region(0.511)and northeastern region(0.477),and the coupling coordination degree of western region(0.476)is the lowest.In terms of intra-regional differences,the eastern region(0.0637)has the largest Gini coefficient,followed by the western region(0.0433)and the central region(0.0225),and the Gini coefficient of northeast region(0.0214)is the smallest;in terms of regional differences,the Gini coefficient between the east and west is the largest(0.0990),followed by the east-northeast region(0.0962),the east-central region(0.0733),and the Gini coefficient between the central-west region(0.0450),the central-northeast region(0.0435)and the west-northeast region(0.0411)are relatively small.Regional differences are the main source of the overall differences in the coupling and coordination of THQ and RR in China,with a contribution rate of more than 60%.(3)The coupling coordination degree between THQ and RR in China from 2010 to 2019 showed characteristics of "strong in the east and weak in the west,high in the south and low in the north" with strong spatial agglomeration and relevance,and the "core-periphery" spatial structure is significant.The research revealed that the coupling coordination degree of THQ and RR generally showed a distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north",and gradually decreased from east to west in the east-west direction as the geographical distance increased and showed an inverted "U"-shaped distribution in the north-south direction.The coupling coordination level of each province has gradually increased,from mild imbalance to primary coordination.The coupling coordination degree has a strong spatial correlation,mainly showing the characteristics of "high-high" agglomeration or "low-low" agglomeration,with a relatively stable local spatial structure.The spatial distribution pattern of hot and cold spots with coupling coordination degree is relatively stable,generally showing a“core-periphery”spatial structure with the Yangtze River Delta as the hot spot,and the cold spots are mainly located in the northwest and northeast regions of China.The overall trend of the standard deviation ellipse of coupling coordination degree is northeast-southwest,and it shows a concentrated trend.(4)The coupling and coordination of between THQ and RR in China from 2010 to 2019 has a significant spatial spillover effect.On the one hand,THQ has significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial spillover effects.THQ in a province is not only affected by its own factors,but also by the spatial spillover effects of neighboring provinces.In terms of impact mechanism,regional economic level,tourism resource endowment,and ecological environment quality have a promoting effect and positive spatial spillover effect on THQ;location & transportation and opening-up degree have a promoting effect and negative spillover effect;Technological innovation and government intervention have no significant impact on local THQ,but have a negative spatial spillover effect.On the other hand,the coupling coordination degree between THQ and RR has significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial spillover effect.The coupling coordination degree of a province is not only affected by its own factors,but also by the spatial spillover effect of neighboring provinces.In terms of influence mechanism,economic development,environmental regulation and government scale have a direct effect on the coupling coordination degree,but the spatial spillover effect is not obvious;industrial structure upgrading and the level of tourism specialization have a direct impact and spillover effect on the coupling coordination degree;urbanization has a direct impact.The coupling coordination degree has a spatial spillover effect,and neither the direct impact nor the spatial effect of technological innovation is significant.Based on the above conclusions,the thesis firstly constructs a path for THQ,including:taking technological innovation as the engine to enhance development momentum;taking structural optimization as the core to consolidate the development foundation;taking green development as the guarantee to build a solid development foundation;taking cultural and tourism integration as a means to enrich the connotation of development;guided by institutional reforms to improve the development level;aiming people’s livelihood and well-being to consolidate development achievements.Then,the thesis proposes optimized paths for coupling coordinated development of THQ and RR,including: strengthening the regional economic foundation and transforming economic development mode;promoting the advanced industrial structure and realizing industrial transformation and upgrading;accelerating the construction of new urbanization and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas;Improving the level of tourism specialization,strengthening the driving role of tourism;paying attention to regional development differences,strengthening regional cooperation;strengthening policy and system guidance,improving related supporting policies.The innovation and academic contribution of this thesis are mainly as follows: Firstly,based on the background of the new era and the new development theory,the evaluation system and theoretical model of tourism high-quality development have been improved,and the theoretical connotation,preconditions and mechanism of the coupling coordination between THQ and RR have been deeply explained.Empirical research proves that there is an interactive coupling relationship between THQ and RR in China’s provinces,which can provide new arguments and facts for future related research.Secondly,based on the perspective of system coupling coordination,an exploratory framework for the research on the coupling coordination between THQ and RR is constructed,breaking through the previous analytical paradigm of one-way action mechanism;Thirdly,incorporating spatial factors into the regression analysis framework,attempting to conduct spatial econometric analysis on influence mechanism of coupling and coordination between THQ and RR.Nevertheless,more follow-up studies are still needed in the future in terms of the optimization of the evaluation index system,the refinement of the temporal and spatial scales,and the influence mechanism of spatial effects. |
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