Research On The Impact Of Industrial Agglomeration On Urban Entrepreneurial Activities

In recent years,the Chinese government has attached great importance to entrepreneurial activities.Premier Li Keqiang put forward "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" at the 2014 Tianjin Summer Davos Forum,which ignited the upsurge of national innovation and entrepreneurship.The reports of the 18th and 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the opinions and requirements of "implementing innovation-driven development strategy" and "inspiring and protecting entrepreneurial spirit and encouraging more social entities to devote themselves to innovation and entrepreneurship".Cities are the main battlefield of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation",and entrepreneurial activities are the driving force and engine to promote urban economic development.As a key factor affecting urban entrepreneurial activities,industrial agglomeration plays an important role in promoting urban entrepreneurial activities.However,due to China’s vast territory and the large number of cities,there are significant differences in industrial agglomeration and entrepreneurial activities in the cities of different scales and regions.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the differences in the development of industrial agglomeration in different cities.As for the strategic measures of entrepreneurial activities,it is necessary to propose differentiated strategic measures applicable to the development of industries in different types of cities and the promotion of entrepreneurial activities.This dissertation takes 283 prefecture-level and above cities in China as the research object,and uses the panel data of each city from 2003 to 2017 to empirically test the impact of industrial agglomeration,industrial collaborative agglomeration,and agglomeration externalities on entrepreneurial activities in different types of cities,providing reference opinions on urban industrial development and high-quality entrepreneurial activities.This article is divided into 7 chapters,the main content includes:Chapter One,an introduction,mainly expounds the topic background,research significance,main content,research methods,research ideas and innovations and deficiencies of the thesis;Chapter Two,a literature review,discusses the definition of related concepts of entrepreneurial activities and industrial agglomeration,the review and induction of main theories,the classification and combing of general measurement methods and indicators,the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation,and the relationship between industrial agglomeration and entrepreneurial activities;Chapter Three is about the current status of Urban Industrial Agglomeration and Entrepreneurship.The current situation and spatio-temporal evolution of manufacturing agglomeration,producer service industry agglomeration,consumer service industry agglomeration,public service industry agglomeration,manufacturing and producer service industry collaborative agglomeration,urban entrepreneurial activities and their development in 283 prefecture-level and above cities in my country are measured;Chapter Four focuses on the theory and mechanism how industrial agglomeration affects urban entrepreneurial activities.This chapter is the core of the dissertation.It mainly analyzes the impact of industrial agglomeration on entrepreneurial activities from the theoretical level in a comprehensive and systematic way,and theoretically analyzes the theories and mechanisms of industrial agglomeration affecting entrepreneurial activities from the perspective of industrial interaction and externalities;Chapter 5 mainly and empirically tests the impact of the same industrial agglomeration and industrial collaborative agglomeration on urban entrepreneurial activities,and further empirically analyzes the impact of industrial agglomeration externalities on entrepreneurial activities in different cities;Chapter Seven:Research conclusions and policy implications.Based on the factual description,theoretical research and empirical analysis of the characteristics of industrial agglomeration and entrepreneurial activities,some suggestive practical and feasible industrial policies for promoting urban entrepreneurial activities and suggestive policies to improve and enhance the business environment for all the cities of different size are proposed.Through theoretical analysis and empirical testing,this dissertation draws the following main research conclusions:Firstly,based on the measurement of those entrepreneurial activities in 283 cities,it is shown that from 2003 to 2017,the activity of urban entrepreneurship in China has increased significantly and presents two trends.The first trend is a spacial progressive development from the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration to those eastern coastal cities urban agglomeration excluding the Pearl River Delta,then to the central and western inland areas;The second trend is a temporal development in which the "Matthew effect" occurs in the activities of urban entrepreneurial activities,and the number of highly active cities is gradually increasing,while moderately active cities are gradually decreasing and the overall number of generally active and inactive cities has remained basically unchanged.The entrepreneurial activity index of inactive cities has been decreasing year by year.In general,large cities have got high entrepreneurial activity,medium-sized cities have got middle entrepreneurial activity,and small cities have got generally low entrepreneurial activity.Secondly,based on the measurement of location entropy,the trend of industrial agglomeration from 2003 to 2017 in those 283 prefecture-level and above cities in China is U-shaped,and the manufacturing agglomeration in large cities was slightly higher than that in medium-sized cities,and the manufacturing agglomeration in medium-sized cities is significantly higher than small cities.According to different types of cities,the degree of agglomeration of producer services in large cities is significantly higher than that of medium-sized cities,and that of medium-sized cities is slightly higher than that of small cities;the degree of agglomeration of consumer services in large cities is significantly higher than that of other types of cities,while the degree of agglomeration of consumer services in medium-sized cities is slightly lower than that of small cities in 2003-2008,and higher than that of small cities in 2009-2017;the degree of public service industry agglomeration in small cities is higher than that of medium-sized cities,and medium-sized cities higher than large cities.An inverted U-shaped development trend is shown in the collaborative agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services in 2003-2017,and the level of collaborative agglomeration of large cities is significantly higher than that of medium-sized and small-sized cities.Medium-sized cities are ranked the second,and small-sized cities the third.Thirdly,based on dynamic panel data of 283 prefecture-level and above cities across the country by GMM estimation,it shows that the manufacturing agglomeration has a significant positive effect on promoting entrepreneurial activities at the national level and various city level.Large cities are significantly higher than medium-sized cities,and medium-sized cities are higher than small cities;the agglomeration of producer services in large and medium-sized cities has a negative effect on entrepreneurial activities,while a positive role in promoting entrepreneurial activities in small cities;consumer services Industrial agglomeration in large cities has a positive effect on entrepreneurial activities,while a negative effect on entrepreneurial activities in small and medium-sized cities,contrary to large cities.Public service industrial agglomeration in large and medium-sized cities has a negative effect on urban entrepreneurship,while a positive effect on urban entrepreneurship in small cities;the collaborative industrial agglomeration has a negative effect on urban entrepreneurial activities,but the collaborative industrial agglomeration in medium-sized cities has a positive role in promoting urban entrepreneurial activities.Fourthly,based on the test of mechanism of the externality of industrial agglomeration on the urban entrepreneurial activity,it shows that MAR externalities have a positive effect on promoting urban entrepreneurial activities at the national level,and there is a significant inverted U-shape between the MAR externalities of industrial agglomeration and urban entrepreneurial activities.In terms of different city types,the MAR externalities of large cities and small cities have a restraining effect on urban entrepreneurial activities,while the MAR externalities of medium-sized cities have a positive effect on urban entrepreneurial activities.Jacobs externalities have a negative effect on entrepreneurial activities at the national level,and there is a significant U-shaped relationship between Jacobs externalities and urban entrepreneurial activities.According to the type of city,Jacobs externalities have positive effect on entrepreneurial activities in large and small cities,but a certain inhibitory effect on medium-sized cities.Porter externalities have an inhibitory effect on entrepreneurial activities at the national level.There is a U-shaped relationship between Porter externalities and urban entrepreneurial activities,which is identified by city types.Porter externalities have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial activities in large and small cities,and a negative effect in medium-sized cities.In summary,when formulating policies for industries and promoting urban entrepreneurial activities,the government must adapt the measures to the local conditions and formulate different industrial development policies according to different types of cities in order to create a good business environment,promote the high-quality development of urban industries and entrepreneurial activities,and further promote urban economic prosperity..