Research On The Governance Mechanism And Operation Strategy Of Disorderly Parking Of Shared Bicycles

In recent years,the rapid development of the city has caused several problems of the traditional public transportation system.The limited service of public transportation system could not meet people’s demands for “last mile” mobility.Thus shared bicycles have emerged.People could rent and return shared bicycles by scanning the QR code through mobile phone APP.The fast and convenient mode of shared bicycles is favored by people and boomed immediately.Shared bicycles service extends the service of the public transportation system,the convenience,however,has triggered problems of illegal parking.How to deal with the illegal parking of shared bicycles and regulate the disruptive parking of the shared bicycles industry has become an urgent issue to be discussed.The central and local governments have implemented a series of regulations for the illegal parking of shared bicycles.Such as,limiting the total number of supplied bicycles,defining the responsibilities of administrative departments,strengthening the city traffic,etc.Nevertheless,most of these regulations are still in the trial phase,and it is difficult to eradicate the problem of illegal parking of shared bicycles.In view of this,based on stakeholders of bicycles-sharing services,this dissertation studies the governance of illegal parking of shared bicycles from three dimensions: users,enterprises and governments.The research is based on the following aspects:(1)The causes and reasons for the illegal parking of shared bicycles have been studied.This dissertation has quantitative research methods to explore the reasons for illegal parking of shared bicycles.Firstly,the exploratory research method has been carried out which was based on grounded theory,and semi-structured interview was adopted to collect qualitive materials.Secondly,43 concepts,18 categories and 6 main categories were extracted from the open coding,axial coding and selective coding.The causes and reasons for the illegal parking of shared bicycles have been clarify,a causes mechanism model for illegal parking of sharing bicycles is constructed.Six main categories are contained within the model,including behavioral intention of users,policy background factors,market background factors,sharing bicycles service attributes,objective technical factors,social norms factors.This dissertation proposes six typical relationship structures,including,social norms play a moderating role in the relationship between users’ behavioral intention and illegal parking,the objective technical factors played a moderating role in the relation between the attributes of shared bikes and illegal parking.(2)Based on the causes mechanism model for illegal parking of sharing bicycles,this dissertation the analysis shows that: user behavior,government policies,enterprises and social environment are all influencing factors for illegal parking of sharing bicycles.Based on this,a structured approach is adopted to study the governance mechanism of illegal parking of sharing bicycles,which can more accurately analyze the relationship between the internal structure of governance effects.Based on the collaborative governance model,considering the correlation between the benefit and synergy degree of the governance subject,a structural equation model is built to solve the problem of illegal parking of shared bikes is build.This dissertation focuses on the governance mechanism of shared bikes,sorts out the main governance paths and influencing factors,and provides guidance for the governance of illegal parking of shared bikes.The research shows that government macro governance,enterprise independent governance,user participation and social environment call all improve the collaborative governance effect.Among them,user participation significantly affects the degree of collaboration of governance subjects,and the regulating parking behavior is the most conspicuousness significant variable.The significance of enterprise self-governance on the coordination degree of governance subject is poor,in contrast,the significance of expected benefits is the strongest.The cost of government macro governance is large and the implementation of macro policies has a lag,so the impact of expected benefits is not significant.This study expands the application prospect under the background of sharing economy.(3)This dissertation has also studied the factors which influence the parking behavior and the intention of the riders.In this dissertation,the users’ normative parking behavior was set as the dependent variable,and conceptual model was constructed based on Theory of Planned Behavior and Incentive Theory.Firstly,the internal behavioral intention variables have been studied: the influence of intention,subjective norm,attitude,social norm and perceived behavior control variables on normative parking behavior has been analyzed.Secondly,the external behavioral incentive variables have been studied: the influence of the external material incentive which was caused by the collection of dispatching fees and the external spiritual incentive from the government propaganda on the normative parking behavior have been analyzes.Finally,the moderating effect of individual emotional perception on behavioral intention and behavior has been taken into consideration.Taking the perception of users towards the parking mechanism of “entry and settlement” as the regulating variable and the moderating effects of effort perceiving,risk perceiving,price perceiving and satisfaction perceiving on bicycle parking behaviors have been analyzed.Research shows that users have positive internal behavioral intention,external spiritual incentive and material positively influence user’s bicycle parking behavior,and external material incentive has a greater impact.The variables of user’s perceived satisfaction and perceived effort reduce the explanatory power of the model.This means that the feedback of users to the current governance effect is not ideal.The variables of risk perceiving and price perceiving increase the explanatory power of the model,indicating that users feel the cost impact of randomly parking bicycles.For that reason,uses are willing to standardize parking bicycles.(4)This dissertation studies the strategies of enterprise operation for reducing the invalid parking areas of shared bicycles.In fact,many cities have introduced management measures to curb the illegal parking of shared bicycles,such as setting up“electronic fence”.However,while improving the problem of illegally parked bicycles,the regulation has also an impact on the development of bicycle-sharing services.Due to the limited parking capacity of shared bicycles,the phenomenon of bicycles pilling up would be common and a bicycle would be hard to find.In view of this,this dissertation uses queuing theory and Markov chain to describe the dynamic operation state of shared bicycles system,and describes the operation stability of shared bicycles enterprises with the proportion of invalid parking areas.Research shows that without considering bicycles redistribution,shared bicycles systems will remain in an unstable state for a long time.Based on this,this dissertation designs a bicycle redistribution strategy to guide users to pick and park bicycles selectively,so as to reduce the demand spillover effect of adjacent parking areas.At the same time,the optimization strategy for redistributing bicycles of dispatching vehicles is designed to reduce the unbalanced demand of non-adjacent parking areas,so as to reduce the proportion of invalid parking areas.(5)This dissertation designs a shared bicycles parking management system which was based on block chain technology.As for the governance of illegal parking of shared bicycles,this dissertation aims to transform the traditional post-supervision into pre-event and in-event supervision from the perspective of management technology.In this dissertation,the block chain technology and intelligent contract are innovatively embedded into the bicycle-sharing management system to build a decentralized,open and transparent intelligent management system.The system stores the cycling data,transaction records and user accounts in the user node block.In addition,it stores the number of bicycles in the bicycle parking area,the status of bicycles and enterprise accounts in the enterprise node block.At the same time,regulation such as parking behavior requirement of users and operation and maintenance requirements of enterprises are written into the intelligent contract program as contract conditions,and coupled with corresponding trigger clauses.For users who park illegally and inappropriately,the enterprises who are negligent in management,the management system program will punish them by means of taking precautions or fining.The shared bicycles parking management system designed in this dissertation can realize real-time supervision and ensure the standardized operation of shared bicycles services.