| As a tertiary industry in forestry,forest parks provide a wide range of ecosystem services for the sustainable development of society.And the promotion and integration of forest culture is an important and indispensable element for the sustainable development of forest parks.However,in the new era,the construction and development of forest culture faces the new requirements of ecological civilization.Both theoretical development and practical guidance are still insufficient,especially in the management of forest parks which fails to reflect the guiding role of forest culture.Therefore,it is of great scientific value and practical significance to conduct an in-depth study on the construction of forest culture and its role in the management of forest parks in the context of ecological civilization.The following problems need to be studied:(1)What is the current state of the forest park management in the ecological civilization? What are the cultural reasons for the problems?(2)What is the gap between the forest culture architecture and the requirements of ecological civilization at present?(3)How to build a forest culture architecture oriented to ecological civilization? How to identify the content of forest culture suitable for the ecological civilization stage?(4)Can the new forest culture in the ecological civilization stage play a role in the behavior of subject and object of forest park management? What is the mechanism of effect?(5)How to develop the forest culture oriented to ecological civilization?How to promote forest park management by means of forest culture?Around the above issues,the research and findings of this paper are as follows:Firstly,by analyzing the current state of forest park management in China,it is found that the following problems exist:(1)The management department lacks overall awareness and long-term strategy of management,and the employees have old-fashioned concepts and lack of professional management talents;(2)The behavior of tourists is difficult to control and there are uncivilized and environmentally damage cases;(3)Inadequate management and communication channels between employees and tourists,and the failure of tourists to participate in management activities;(4)There are contradictions between economic interests and ecological protection in parks,and blind development and ecological destruction still occur.Therefore,based on the Synergetic Theory,the reasons for the cultural slow variables in the above management problems are analyzed:(1)Employees’ lack of external environment and internal driving force in understanding forest culture,and only tend to perceive functional forest culture;(2)Tourists’ cognition of forest culture is insufficient,and lack of promotion of forest culture for tourists and timeliness of cultural education;(3)Focusing on "immediate" management measures such as control measures,while ignoring the cultural value of forest culture;(4)Favoring management as a fast variable and ignoring the dominant property of forest culture as a slow variable.Thus,it is concluded that forest culture,as a slow variable,conflicts with the state of modern economy pursuing rapid development.But social development cannot be separated from culture.Forest parks,as the tertiary industry of forestry,will lose the soul of forestry work without forest culture.Secondly,on the basis of the reason analysis,it clarifies the generation and development process of forest culture,analyzes the commonality and difference of forest culture architecture,and the gap between forest culture and the requirements of ecological civilization at present stage.The analysis shows that forest culture embodies different characteristics in different civilization stages,and the research and development of culture needs to start from the cultural architecture.But there is still a gap between its architecture and the requirements of ecological civilization now.Therefore,forest culture has the necessity of construction in the stage of ecological civilization.Thirdly,based on the Theory of the Three-dimensional Management Pyramid,the forest culture architecture oriented to ecological civilization should be reconstructed to expand forest culture from the traditional to the new.The forest culture architecture is reconstructed in three dimensions: connotation level,activity field,and civilization process,and the interaction module between connotation level and activity field dimension is determined.And from the culture characteristics of each civilization stage,the progressive evolution rule of forest culture is analyzed,and the characteristics of traditional and new forest culture are compared.The reconstruction of the three-dimensional architecture of forest culture oriented to ecological civilization identifies new forest culture contents that adapt to the stage of ecological civilization.Fourth,based on the previous study,the mechanism of the new forest culture’s effect on subject and object behaviors of forest park management is analyzed and a theoretical model is constructed.It analyzes the subject and object of forest park management and their behaviors.Management object: tourists-green recreation behavior;management subject: employees-green management behavior.By applying the theoretical models of the Theory of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice and the Theory of planned Behavior,the process of the role of culture on behavior is analyzed,and the theoretical model of forest culture perception on green behavior is constructed.Then,the corresponding theoretical models are constructed and the theoretical hypotheses are proposed for the green recreation behavior of tourists and the green management behavior of employees,respectively.The model study shows that forest culture can influence the behavior of management subject and object through green attitude,green subjective norm and green perceived behavior control under the influence of internal and external pressure,motivation and benefit in forest park management.Combining the Theory of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice and the Theory of planned Behavior to analyze the process of culture to behavior is a characteristic of this paper.Fifth,an empirical study was conducted based on the theoretical model of the role of new forest culture cognitions of tourists and employees on green recreation behavior and green management behavior.Tourists and employees of national and provincial forest parks in Heilongjiang were interviewed to collect data.The SEM structural equation model was used for testing.The empirical results show that:(1)There are differences in content and degree on forest culture cognition between tourists and employees: tourists have a plain cognition of forest culture and favor the content closer to life;while employees,as forest workers,have a deeper and more comprehensive cognition of forest culture.Both have a relatively greater weight on the knowledge of institutional level forest culture,which shows that regulating tourists and employees from the perspective of institutional culture will be more significant.(2)Tourists’ new forest culture cognition has a positive impact on green recreation behavior through green recreation subjective norm and green recreation perceived behavior control,and the latter has a greater chain mediation effect than the former.However,the current green recreation attitude is not sufficient to support green recreation behavior,which may have many factors hindering in the transformation process.There are two reasons: firstly,tourists’ behavioral power is insufficient and their behaviors only remain in words;secondly,it lacks green environment.Therefore,tourists can be helped to enhance green recreation behavior from these two aspects.(3)Employees’ new forest culture cognition positively influences green management behavior through green management attitude,green management subjective norm,and green management perceived behavior control.The role of the chain-mediated path of green management perceived behavior control is the largest,followed by green management subjective norm,while the role of green management attitude is the weakest.Sixth,based on the constructed three-dimensional architecture of forest culture,countermeasures for forest culture construction are proposed.Then,based on the influencing factors of the new forest culture on green behavior,suggestions for green recreation behavior and green management behavior enhancement,as well as the mutual promotion strategy among green behaviors are proposed respectively.Finally,to summarize the innovations of this study:(1)The mechanism of forest culture on green behavior is studied from the perspective of ecological civilization,revealing the role of forest culture in the construction of ecological civilization and behavior management,and providing a theoretical basis for building a theoretical model of forest culture cognition on green recreation behavior and green management behavior in forest park scenarios in ecological civilization stage;(2)Construct a three-dimensional architecture of "connotation level,activity field and civilization process" of forest culture for ecological civilization,distinguish traditional forest culture and new forest culture,and provide reference for developing forest culture from a multidimensional perspective,as well as its application in practice;(3)The theoretical framework of "culture-behavior" is built by combining Theory of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice and the Theory of planned Behavior,which provides ideas to explain the path from culture to behavior and avoids the limitations of a single theory;(4)In the forest park scenario,the study is conducted for both the management subject,tourists,and the management object,employees,to avoid the one-sided effect of a single object in participating in the forest park management process,so as to provide a reference for forest park management. |
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