| In recent years,China’s agricultural development has been advancing to a new level,but due to the gradual increase in the consumption of agricultural production materials such as fertilizers,pesticides,plastic film and improper disposal of agricultural wastes,agricultural environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious,and farmland ecological environment security and agricultural sustainable development are facing severe challenges.Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid climatic zone,rich in light and heat resources,suitable soil conditions,very suitable for cotton growth,but at the same time,drought and little rain,desertification,salinization,ecological environment is extremely fragile.Cotton is a pillar industry in Xinjiang’s agriculture.Xinjiang is also the largest and most important production base of high-quality commercial cotton in China and the world.Cotton planting in Xinjiang has promoted the increase of farmers’ income and agricultural development,but there are many problems in the cotton planting process,such as excessive fertilization,excessive application of medicine,unreasonable recycling of plastic film,etc.,which have a serious impact on the ecological environment.Green agricultural technology refers to a mode of agricultural production that realizes high yield,high efficiency,high quality and high benefit by using environmental protection,resource saving and ecological technical means in the process of production,processing and management of agriculture.As "rational economic man",farmers inevitably have to consider cost,benefit,risk and other factors when making decisions on the adoption of green agricultural technologies,so it is easy to ignore other factors for economic benefits in the process of pursuing benefit maximization.Ecological environment as a "public goods",unrestrained farmer’s "economic man" behavior often leads to "tragedy of the Commons".It is difficult to realize the universality and universality of green technology adoption only by relying on farmers’ own strength,so it needs to be assisted by external forces.So,under the current system in China,especially in the process of adopting and implementing green agricultural technology,cotton planting farmers in Xinjiang with arid zone characteristics were influenced by what factors,their mechanism and response path.This study is of great significance for improving the adoption efficiency of green agricultural technology in arid zone and promoting the sustainable development of agricultural ecology.Based on relevant theories such as farmer’s behavior theory,planned behavior theory,externality theory and public goods theory,and using field survey data of 863 cotton farmers in 33 counties(cities)and group(farms)in Xinjiang,the theoretical and logical analysis framework of "technology cognition--adoption intention--adoption behavior--incentive policy" was constructed.By comprehensive use of entropy method,factor analysis method,Ordered Probit model,SEM model and other empirical methods,this thesis analyzed farmers’ cognition,adoption intention and adoption behavior of eight green agricultural technologies before,during and after production in Xinjiang cotton planting process,and selected three single technologies with low adoption degree for in-depth analysis.At the same time,the most typical and representative technology-plastic film recovery technology is selected for case analysis.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)in the process of the cotton cultivation mode of production of unreasonable and excessive agricultural development will produce serious ecological negative externalities,especially in "agricultural chemical pollution" "white pollution" is given priority to,hindered the green agriculture development process.Promote the implementation of green agricultural technology to restore the ecological agriculture,realize the agricultural sustainable development is of great significance.(2)Farmers have strong awareness and willingness to adopt green agricultural technologies,but the actual implementation and adoption needs to be improved.Farmers tend to adopt green technologies with low marginal cost,easy operation and quick effect.44.3 percent of rural households believe that environmental protection and economic development are equally important.The average score of farmers’ understanding of the eight green agricultural technologies did not exceed 0.5,indicating that the publicity and popularization of green agricultural technologies need to be improved.In the process of cotton planting,the application of soil testing and formula fertilization technology,biological organic fertilizer application technology and dry sowing and wet extraction technology were adopted to a low degree.The adoption of green pest control technology and scientific application technology is moderate;Conservation tillage technology,membrane under the drip irrigation technology and plastic recycling technologies adopted high degree.(3)The cognition level of farmers’ green agricultural technology is affected by their human resource endowment,economic resource endowment,social resource endowment and government regulation,of which the constraint regulation has the greatest influence.Farmers’ cognition of green agricultural technology includes economic value,ecological value and social value.Human,economic and social resource endowment and government regulation significantly positively affect farmers’ cognition of economic value,ecological value and social value of green agricultural technology.Among them,cultural degree,concurrently industry situation,political identity and social network relation of farmer green agriculture technology can promote economic,ecological and social value of cognitive function.The number of labor force can promote the social value cognition of farmers’ green agricultural technology.Planting experience inhibited the cognition of economic value of green agricultural technology,planting area inhibited the cognition of social value of green agricultural technology,and total household income inhibited the cognition of ecological value of green agricultural technology.(4)Adoption motivation,agricultural socialized services,information ability and personal norms significantly positively affected farmers’ willingness to adopt green agricultural technologies,among which agricultural socialized services had the greatest impact.That is,four direct response paths of adoption motivation → adoption intention,agricultural socialization service → adoption intention,information ability → adoption intention,individual norm → adoption intention are established.Agricultural socialized service and information ability by acting on adopt motivation significantly positive influence on farmers’ willingness to adopt;Responsibility ownership has a significant positive effect on the adoption intention of farmers by acting on individual norms.The consciousness of consequence has a significant positive effect on farmers’ willingness to adopt technology through its effects on responsibility ownership and individual norms.That is,agricultural socialization service → adoption motivation → adoption willingness,information ability → adoption motivation → adoption willingness;Four indirect response paths of responsibility attribution → individual norm → adoption intention,consequence consciousness →responsibility attribution → individual norm → adoption intention are established.Farmers’ willingness to adopt green agricultural technologies has a significant positive effect on the adoption behavior,and the response path from adoption willingness to adoption behavior is established.(5)Human resource endowment,government regulation,technology cognition and adoption intention had significant positive effects on farmers’ green agricultural technology adoption behavior,while economic resource endowment and social resource endowment had significant negative effects.From the perspective of specific technologies,human resource endowment,social resource endowment,government regulation and internal perception significantly positively affect the adoption behavior of dry sowing and wet production technology.Among them,cultural degree,planting experience,planting area,and the party members’ identity has a promoting effect,workforce has inhibitory effect.Economic resource endowment,social resource endowment,government regulation and internal perception significantly positively affected the adoption behavior of soil testing and formula fertilization technology.Among them,education level,planting experience,planting area,Party member and cadre status have promoting effect,the number of labor force has inhibiting effect.Human resource endowment,economic resource endowment,social resource endowment,government regulation and internal perception had significant positive effects on farmers’ adoption behavior of biological organic fertilizer application technology.Among them,the educational level,the number of labor force,planting experience,planting area,part-time farmers,the status of Party members and cadres and joining cooperatives play a promoting role.Internal perception played a partial mediating role in the influence of government regulation on the adoption behavior of farmers’ dry seeding and wet extraction technology,soil testing and formula fertilization technology and biological organic fertilizer application technology.The mediating effect accounted for 13.386%,19.012%and 11.506% of the total effect,respectively.(6)Taking the green agricultural technology adoption of mulch recycling as an example,the study found that government regulation and perceived value had direct and indirect impacts on farmers’ mulch recycling behavior.There are two action paths for government regulation to affect farmers’ willingness to recycle plastic mulch.One is the direct action mechanism of "government regulation → farmers’ willingness to recycle plastic mulch" under the compulsory mode.The second is the indirect action mechanism of "government regulation → perceived value → farmers’ willingness to recycle plastic film" under internalization mode.The perceived value of the will of peasant household plastic recycling positive effect,access to information has positive adjustment effect.The influence path of mulch recycling behavior is as follows: government regulation → mulch recycling behavior,intention of mulch recycling →behavior of mulch recycling,government regulation → intention of mulch recycling → behavior of mulch recycling.According to the research conclusion,to enhance the degree of green agriculture technology adoption,farmers put forward countermeasures and Suggestions: first,enhance the promotion of green agricultural technology,improve the cognitive level of the farmer’s value and perception;Second,speed up the construction of technical service system,establish modern agricultural technology popularization mode;Third,support the social supply of agricultural technology,improve the level of agricultural socialization service;Fourth,improve the incentive mechanism for green technology and increase subsidies for green agricultural technology.Fifth,strengthen the construction of government regulation and restraint mechanism,and build a sound supervision and management system. |
PDF Full Text Request