Research On Spatial Distribution Characteristics Of Rural Settlements And Layout Optimization At County Level Based On GIS

The construction of the new socialist countryside is the historical task of our modernization process. The analysis of the characteristics of rural residential land and layout optimization has actively realistic significance on guiding the construction of rural development, saving land resources, improving rural living environment and promoting the transformation of rural social and economic structure. The distribution of rural settlements comprehensivly reflects the development situation of agriculture, rural area,and farmer. Rural areas as the rural social basic settlement spatial regional unit and living forms, is the economic, social, and organizational bases of varies activities of rural areas. The construction of modern villages, and improving the rural residents'living conditions, and exploring the effective implementation strategies, has great importance to co-ordinating urban and rural economic and social development , and to solve the three rural problems and to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.GIS was chose to analyze the mountain County and plain county respectively, namely QiXia and LiJin county, to establish the spatial database and to provide the possibility of quantiative analysis of the rural settlement distribution. Using the GIS spatial analysis function, landscape index method and Cv value of Voronoi graph, combined with the analysis of topographic map in constructing digital elevation model (DEM) terrain, the paper realized that the quantitative description of rural residential areas distributing feature and the exploration of influence factors. On this basis, we used the ecology niche theory and country geography knowledge, and the new rural construction as the breakthrough point, supported by GIS raster technology, to make single factor analysis and multi-factors comprehensive suitability evaluation. By system clustering method, the paper realized rural residential type partition, and put forward the corresponding land space structure regulation pattern, which can provide theoretical and technical support of new rural construction and rural settlement arrangement. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The technology of GIS and Voronoi figure, were used to quantitatively and qualitatively analysis QiXia and LiJin's rual settlement distribution. The results showed that:For QiXia, on the county scale, CV value was 51.35%, and the spatial distribution was random distribution; on the town scale, Yangchu town's distribution was uniformly, Tangjiapo, Songshan, Zangjiazhuang and Cuiping street four towns were cluster distribution, other towns belonged to random distribution.For LiJin, on the county scales, CV value was 100.55%, and the spatial distribution was cluster distribution; on the town scale, all towns'distribution were cluster.Different distribution characteristics of rural residential areas in two counties have close relations to different topography, resources distribution and economic and social conditions.(2) Using the GIS spatial analysis function we realized the quantitative study of the relationship between rural residential areas and terrain, water, traffic and town. The result shew that: in mountain area, terrain is the macroscopic background of the rural residential areas distribution, which directly related to the size and shape of the rural residential areas. Meanwhile, the distribution characteristics were comprehensive influenced by road, water, and urban. In plain area, without the bound of terrain, the rural settlements'areas were larger than that of mountain areas, many were near water and road, where factories and mines and towns were around.(3) From ecological conditions, production condition and living conditions aspects, 11 index were selected to construct land suitability index system, for single factor quantitative analysis and multi-factors comprehensive suitability analysis of the rural residential areas. The study area were divided into key development-oriented rural residential areas, moderate redevelopment type, restricted expansion type and priority control type. According to the characteristics of all kinds of rural residential areas, we put forward optimal regulation measures and countermeasures. The results reflected the land use status and suitability of rural residential areas and have important significance on the rural residential areas renovation .This paper also improved the content of rural residential areas land analyzing, andenriched the application of ecology niche in different fields.(4) Research also shows that the GIS can consider the multiple interaction of factors and can deeply mine and use the spatial data, fast calculate and statistic. And the operation results can expressed through the charts and graphics, which has good effect on space layout optimization and is an important auxiliary decision mean.This research used the whole county as the research scale, by the technology of GIS, spatial analysis, landscape index and Voronoi figure, to analyze the rural residential areas distribution pattern and optimization layout of different regional characteristics, which can provide scientific evidence and layout optimization methods for different areas. At the same time can also make research results more practical and application.