Exploitation Of Marine Oil And Gas Resources Impact On Marine Economy Environment

Petroleum is the important strategic resource to protect the national politics, military affairs, economic security. Along with the rapid development of the social economy, the demand for oil and gas resource is on the rise. However, oil and gas on land can't meet the growing demand at the state economy, marine oil and gas exploration and development must be an important goal of energy resources to seek more extensive resources prospects.Our marine oil and gas exploration is fledgling, but it is proceeding briskly with noticeable results, not only can it ease the energy supply and demand contradictions that have become increasingly prominent, but also drive the relevant industries ,and make tremendous contributions to the state economic construction.It is undoubtedly that the oil and gas industry in marine have brought enormous social and economic benefits, while the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the oceans has brought about a significant impact to the marine environment and marine entironment. Therefore, how to coordinate the development of marine oil and gas resources and the marine environment, to prevent deterioration of the marine environment,to preservate of the marine ecological balance, to promote sustainable development of marine economy is a question of common interest of all levels of government and scientific and technological circles .Bohai is the worst maritime space that polluted by offshore development of oil and gas in China, oil pollution sea area is nearly 4×l0~4km~4 in 7.7×10~4km~2 .Accompanied by access to oil and gas exploration and development of marine pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons and mercury, lead, arsenic and other heavy metals pollutants, that endangered marine ecology environment.Hebei Province is one part of the surrounding regions of Bohai Ocean, it is rich in marine oil and gas resources, long-term reserves of oil 25><10 t and gas 2385xl08m3;geological reserves of 8.4 x 108t oil and geological reserves of 97.1 x 108m3 gas has been proved by the end of 2004. Mining title belong to Jidong oil fields Dagang oil field and Bohai Oil field. According to the development planning of Jidong oil field and Dagang oil field, offshore area of the two fields is the main production area in the future. Beach sea oil field of Jidong is all in Hebei province, Oil and gas resourses in Dagang oil field that in Hebei accounts for 82% and 70.7% of all off-shore area;proved oil resourses in Bohai oil field that in Qin-Tang sea area accounts for 59% of overall Bohai oil field. Hebei marine oil and gas industry prospects are bright.The paper relying on the item of marine resources in Hebei province, the problem of marine oil and gas development impact the marine economy environment in Hebei sea area is studyed systematacially by field surveys and information, data analysis.Studies have shown that marine economic environmental of Cangzhou sea area polluted by oil and gas development more serious than Tangshan, some areas in Cangzhou have not met the requirements of marine functional divisions. In the northern of Cangzhou sea area , such as oil pollution has been above normal;marine sediment environment has been suffered by heavy metals mercury pollution;the living environment of plankton, bottom-dwelling biological and intertidal organisms has been destoryed by marine oil and gas resources development;species are less than the same period of history , changes in the structure of the stocks and marked reduction in biomass;frequent occurrence of red tides in the vicinity of the oil fields and in the portThe amounts of oil and heavy metals lead, arsenic in marine organism that near the offshore field have increased in varying degrees than period that the development of large-scale oil fields. Thequality of marine fisheries is declining. The marine economic environment of Tangshan that destroyed by marine oil and gas resources development is relatively minor, but along with the development of Jidong oil field and Bohai offshore oil field,as well as the construction and operation of the Caofeidian oil jetty, the probability of oil pollution incidents will increase by leaps and bounds in Hebei sea area, oil spill will put all kinds of marine industries in jeopardy .The amounts of oil and heavy metals contaminated water discharged will be more than 400 million cubic metres according To forecast on the basis oil fields production that in Qin-Tang sea area at period of oil fields production .Marine aquaculture is the leading industries of Hebei marine economy ,it is a kind of industries that depend resources and the environment .The influence trend that marine oil and gas exploitation to roe^ larvae and seafood aquicultureis detailly analyzed.hi conclusion, some suggestions are put forward such as taking advantage of marine oil and gas exploitation and co-development with other marine industries as well as interest equilibrum. From controlling of pollution sources, oil fields should do well environmental monitoring and strengthen operations at marine environmental protection, in control of oil fields production of key tache , prevent and cure spill oil;Marine transport of oil and gas sector should establish a perfect port spill oil contingency plan, and enhance staff training to reduce the accidental transport of spill oil. From the management of the marine environment are concerned, the management should continue to improve the level of control marine environment, and enhance marine oil platform inspection, and the maritime industries departmental should strengthen intercommunion and cooperation, share information and data, cooperate to preservat the marine environment for promoting the sustainable development of marine economies.