On The View Of Zhang Dong-sun's Scientific Culture

Zhang Dong-sun, as one of the very influential philosopher in the Chinese history of ideology in the first half of the 20th century, holds philosophy as the core of all his life, does his best to absorb the Western advanced science and culture though. And especially the outburst of the debate between science and metaphysics ,which impelled Zhang Dong-sun to research deeply and think science, put forward a brilliant opinions and views, formed a set of systematic and profound science and culture view.In Zhang Dong-sun' view, science regards the phenomena of things as research object to explore its "the relatively unchanged relation". The method of science is not formal logic but material logic, the essence of science does not lies in the method of science, but lies in the scientific attitude, define the essence of science with " attitude ", not only break through the traditional ways of defining the nature of science, but also put the understanding of science to a higher level.Between science and philosophy is different in the realm,the way of research,function,the standard of "true",the fundamental nature,the research attitude and status. The realm of science is realm of facts , but the realm of philosophy is realm of ideals; The method of science is empiricism or experiment, but the method of philosophy is think backward; The function of science is to satisfy human to know and transform the nature, and the function of philosophy is to satisfy our cultural and emotional needs and change our attitude; The standard of "true" for science is "fact", but for philosophy is "good"; In nature , science is the external knowledge, philosophy which settles down and gets on with life for the people is the internal knowledge; The research attitude of science asks for exact and strict, but the philosophy asks for thorough and entire; Philosophy which is a "critical knowledge of science and critical study of scientific knowledge "possess more noble status than science, namely philosophy is the foundation of science. These inherent limits between science and philosophy decided that whatever science becomes developed, it can not replaced or merged philosophy finally, science and philosophy have their own characteristics, both of them not only without contradiction and complement each other. These brilliant opinions of Zhang Dong-sun not only has striven for the legal status for survival and development of the Chinese near modern philosophy in the scientific times, but also understood comprehensively the relationship between science and philosophy for us, had important value significance in promoting the common development for science and philosophy in the modern times.Zhang Dong-sun also through devotes to the comparative study of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western culture, he made a legitimate explanation about "Needham problem" which always puzzled the people before Needham. China does not pays great attention to the idea of "substance", only pays attention to the thought of "whole" on the traditional philosophy; be lack of a "law of identity", attach great importance to "logic of correlation" on the archaic logic, neglects the idea of "thinghood", prefer to the idea of "matter" on the traditional thought. These unique opinions of Zhang Dong-sun not only traced the causes from the root for "Why did Modern Science not Emerge in China?", but also provided a referenced and significant inspired theoretical material for us to explore "Needham problem" and promoted Chinese contemporary science at a healthy and long-term development.