| RS and GPS provide technical support for collection of spatial information, and GIS creates the theoretical and technical architecture of spatial information processing and application from the aspect of quantity. However, spatial information is complex. Considering quantity, spatial information is mass. The kinds of spatial information not only have numerical type, character type, but also have figure type and image type. The correlation between spatial information is inherent. So, quantitative research of spatial information is not enough, and qualitative research is necessary.Qualitative spatial reasoning that is generated by combining qualitative reasoning, spatial reasoning and artificial intelligence (AI) has been a hotspot in the research of AI. Different from the researches of structure, action, function and their interconnections of physical system in qualitative physics, qualitative spatial reasoning analyzes and processes the human cognition of geometric spatial common knowledge. Different from the researches of modeling, descriptions, representations, relations'analysis and processing of spatial objects in spatial reasoning researching, qualitative spatial reasoning faces to the qualitative characters and qualitative relations of spatial objects. Qualitative spatial reasoning researches representation and process of human's qualitative cognition for spatial objects and their relations in geometric space.In geography space, compared with spatial topological relations, spatial direction relations without doubt have more abroad applications and more closed to the human's life, they should occupy more important position and exert greater effect in spatial information field. However, experts obtain little production about direction relations than topological relations research, and there is scarcely any application applying spatial direction relations into GIS software. At present, more and more users are unsatisfied with the simple functions, such as graph query, plotting, so powerful spatial analysis is demanded for GIS in more projects in order to provide exact and timely decision for manager. The existing GIS components just only offer some simple operations with respect to spatial information and attribute data, and they are empty of powerful functions to deal with spatial relations, such as reasoning, analyzing, obtaining spatial relations. Thus, the GIS component with direction reasoning and query functions is instant demand for GIS development.Based on 2-dimensional spatial objects and profound analysis for representation and reasoning of qualitative spatial relations, this paper proceeds with some originality innovation researches as follows:â‘ Representation of spatial direction relationsBased on spatial projection model, D22, the representation model of direction relations that satisfies human cognition, is mapped into lattice array representation. Lattice array is simple result considering the projection model with a neutral zone, so it's more intuitive and simple for direction relations reasoning.â‘¡Direction reasoning technology LAR based on lattice arrayThe operation rules and reasoning method based on lattice array are present, and the scanning Algorithm on lattice array makes the reasoning result more cognitive, which corresponds to intuitive reasoning process of human.â‘¢Qualitative spatial knowledge database and knowledge achieved technologyA structure of qualitative spatial knowledge database is introduced, and the method and algorithm of achieving qualitative spatial direction relations from GIS spatial database is present. A base of the application of qualitative spatial reasoning is created.The researches in this paper enrich and expand the theories for representation and proceeding of qualitative spatial information, and expand the application range of qualitative spatial reasoning in GIS. These researches provide a feasible path for improving analysis and processing capability of spatial information, and accelerate the development of intelligent GIS.
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