Synthesis Of Functional Polymer By ATRP

At present, the products of radical polymerization are in the majority (about 60%) of the polymers, which indicate the essentiality of radical polymerization. This is because the most kinds of vinyl monomer can be polymerized by radical polymerization under mild conditions. Furthermore it can react in water without the oxygen. On the other hand, more monomer can copolymerized which induced more radical polymer. There are some shortcomings in the field of traditional radical polymerization, such as the polymerization possess the behavior of out controlling which arose the results of lose of molecular weights, molecular distribution, molecular structure, molecular composing and end functions. Thus, the properties of polymer from radical polymerization were impaired. Some scientists pay more attention to synthesize the polymer with well-definded structure from living polymerization. Jinshan Wang and K.Matyjaszewski etc introduced a living radical polymerization, which include initiator (halogenations alkyl), catalyzer (CuCl), ligands (bpy) and monomer (MMA). At the primary phase of initiated stage, the reducing agent of catalyzer undergoes a one-electron oxidation with concomitant abstraction of a halogen atom (X) from a dormant species R-X. Thus the living species and dormant species were formed. Living species may react with monomer or form dormant species for capturing halogen atom, which induced a lower concentration of living species. Because the fast reversible dynamic balances were established we could synthesize the target polymers or oligomers, which possess well-defined structure, preconcerted molecular weights and low molecular distributions. Now, the applicable studies systems of ATRP are few and far between. Thus, scientists pay more attention to synthesize the functional materials using ATRP. Comparing with other methods of "living" / controlled polymerization the ATRP is good at design. With the rapid development of technology, more and more materials with function are required. Some kinds of functional materials such as nanocomposite, electrochemical materials and inorganic/organic hybrid materials attract more attention of scientists. The applied fields include iatric materials (instrument, apparatus and slow liberative agents) electric materials, flaring materials, liquid crystal polymer, polymer catalyzer, intelligent polymers, polymer segregator. Using ATRP method we also synthesize many kinds of polymers such as block, star, graft, hyper branched (multifunctional) copolymers, inorganic / organic hybrid materials and nonmaterial etc. Polymer metal complex is a novel functional polymer material, which possess some new properties. The foreground of applying is quite wide. Thus the studies of polymer metal complex from ATRP is the hardcore in this thesis.1. In this thesis we synthesized a target polymers ended by halogens, which own flexible and well-defined polymer chains from ATRP. In succession, the halogens of polymer chains react with thiocarbamide. In this studies macromolecular ligands were synthesized for the thiocarbamide owns strong coordination ability with transitional metal ions such as Cu2+ Co2+. Macromolecule metal complex were synthesized which possess stable electrochemical activity. Because the content of thiocarbamide is small, the content of metal ions of macromolecule metal complex are small also. The atomic emission spectroscopy tests the content of metal ions. And the cyclic voltammetry tests the orbital energy of HOMO and LUMO of the polymer metal complex. The data of dielectric constant indicate that the properties were improved. This is attributed to the effect of polarization ratio of polymer, which was changed, by a small quantity of cations.2. Based on self-assembly method to modify the silicon gel which organic compounds on the surface of silicon gel include the halogen were used as the initiator of ATRP. Three kinds of monomer MMA, HEMA and AAM were initiated by the surface initiator using "graft from" method. Thus, inorganic compound modified b...