Study Of The Extraction And Activity Of Effective Ingredients From Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge

Free radicals are the general intermediates of biochemical reactions in organisms. When free radicals are produced excessively or removed extreme slowly, they will attack all kinds of histiocytes and organs which can be impaired by the free radicals, increase the fade process, and induce a lot of diseases. Therefore, the antioxidants are required to remove the extra free radicals. Although the antioxidants which are synthesized by the chemical methods can remove effectively the free radicals, they are little noxious. It is more and more urgent that the innoxiously natural antioxidants are required to exploit and use in practice. The effective ingredients of the Chinese herb Atragalus mongholicus Bunge have protection against free radical damages, so the studies on the extraction separation and clearance of free radicals of Astragalus polysaccharides, total saponins and total flavone are very interesting. This work help to extend the range and value of Atragalus mongholicus Bunge, using as a medicine.Glycoproteins lie extensively in the nature. Some functions of biological cells have something to do with glycoproteins. Now, lots of proteins which can be used as medicines in practice are glycoproteins. Therefore, the study on isolating glycoproteins from the medicinal animals and plants has been the hot topic at home and abroad. Radix astragali is the major Chinese drugs and its chemical ingredients have been studied carefully. But the studies on the Astragalus glycoproteins are not discoveried , it is interesting that we study the extraction separation and biological activities of Astragalus glycoproteins , which help to reveal the medicinal substance base of Radix astragali.This dissertation consists of five chapters focusing on the study of the extraction separation and biological activities of glycoproteins, flavones, polysaccharides and saponins, which are the effective ingredients of Chinese herb Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, and the study of the extraction separation and stability of Hypericin, which is the effective ingredient of Hypericum Perforatum L. The contents are as follows:1. The research developments of Chinese herb Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and plant glycoprotein were reviewed concisely.2. Glycoprotein has been obtained from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge by using the Anion exchange resins DEAE-C32, and its biological activities have been studied by using the immune experimental model of immune organ gravimetric method and carbon clearance speed rate. The results shown that glycoprotein had been discoveried and obtained from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and could increase partly both the splenic coefficient and the carbon clearance speed rate K in mice when the immune experimental model of immune organ gravimetric method and the carbon clearance speed rate was established successfully. Glycoprotein of Astragalus could improve the immune function in mice.3. Extraction and separation of polysaccharide and saponins from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge were studied by using the Macroporous adsorptive resins. The results shown that the Macroporous adsorptive resins D101 and ADS-7 were combined to separate polysaccharide from Astragalus extracting solution, and they adsorbed other ingredients such as Astragalus flavones and saponins and so on. So the polysaccharide product had a higher content; In addition, using the Macroporous adsorptive resins to isolate the saponins from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge , the Macroporous adsorptive resins enriched the Astragalus saponins, at the same time , could remove a lot of extraneous components , and obtained a higher content of saponins of Astragalus product .There are many advantages using this extractiorr technology : (l)the used solvents are safety and innoxious, and do not contaminate environment. (2) Macroporous adsorptive resins can be used many times and regenerated easily. (3) the method can save solves time and have high performance higher content products.4. The scavenging effects in vitro of the Astragalus total saponins and total flavones on l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH ), theeffects of pH on the assay and the scavenging effects of the polysaccharides of Astragalus, total saponins of Astragalus and total flavones of Astragalus on superoxide radical (O2" ? ) and hydroxyl radical (HO ? ) were studied by using UV-Vis spectrum .The results shown that the scavenging effects of the total saponins of Astragalus and total flavone of Astragalus on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical had a quantitative relationship ,the larger the concentration ,the stronger the scavenging effects. pH had a great effect on the DPPH free radical scavenging rate, the scavenging rate of the total flavonoids of Astragalus is the maximum when pH is about 4.0,and that of the total saponins is the maximum when pH is about 5.0; the scavenging effects of the three principles on the superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical were different with each other ,but all had a quantitative relationship too, the larger the concentration , the stronger the scavenging effects, and the intensity of scavenging effect of the three principles was total flavone of Astragalus > total saponins of Astragalus > polysaccharides of Astragalus II > polysaccharides of Astragalus I .The free radical scavenging effects might be of the basis of molecular pharmacology.5. The research developments of Hypericin were reviewed, and the extraction and stability of Hypericin were studied by using the macroporous adsorptive resins and UV-Vis spectrum on the base of predecessor studies. The results shown that using the D101 macroporous adsorptive resins to extract and separate Hypericin from Hypericum Perforatum L.was feasible, and this method is simple, easy to operate and low consumption. The total hypericin content of product is 2.13%, which surpass greatly the international required content of total hypericin (0.3%), and the~extraction rate is 81.3%. In addition, the study on the stability of Hypericin by using the UV-Vis spectrum shown that the absorbency intensity of hypericin at 5 80~589 nm can hold a line in 12h in the condition of keeping solution of hypericin in the dark. When kept in the light or kept in the 70 °C, the absorbency intensity of hypericin solution weaken in 12h in the condition of pH 9.0, but the absorbency intensity of Hypericin solution can maintain stabilization, when...