Study On The Synthesis And Properties Of Sulfonic Acid Series Succinate Gemini Surfactants

Gemini surfactants is especial surfactants with having two hydrophile groups and two hydrophobic groups in structure, and the arisement of Gemini surfactants has magnificent prospects for the science of surfactant. Traditional surfactants only have one hydrophile group and one hydrophobic group. Gemini surfactants have better and higher surface activity. Therefore,Gemini surfactants have become the hot topic in the science of interface and colloid chemistry in modern world. There are many reports of its syntheses but there are only some products in the application of industry.This thesis presents the synthetic methods of new Gemini surfactants which can be easily disarranged and be friendly environment with the cheap material. The reactions include esterizations and sulfonation.The conditions of reaction were optimized. Infra-red spectrum analysis was used to characterize the product. Finally, the surface properties of Gemini surfactants was investigated. The main results are as follows:(1) Sodium 1,4-butanediol bis-lauryl sulfo maleate was synthesized through the first esterification â… ,then esterification â…¡, and the last sulfonation . The optimum reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments, thus ,the first esterification reaction was carried out by refluxing for 1h with n(maleic anhydride):n(1,4-butanediol)= 2.15:1.00 and catalyst is sodium acetate.The second esterification reaction was carried out with n(1,4-butanediol bismaleic acid menoester):n(lauric alcohol)=1.00: 2.20 and 1.0% p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid at 145 ℃ for 6h .The sulfonation reaction was carried out with n(1,4-butanediol bismaleicacid diester) :n(NaHSO₃) =1.00:2.50 at 95 ℃ for 6h,the concentration ofsulfurous acid is 35% solution.(2) Sodium glycol bis-(l-octyl) sulfo maleate and sodium 1,4-butanediol bis-(l-octyl) sulfo maleate were synthesized through the first esterification I, then sulfonation ,and the last esterification II. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments,thus, the first esterification reaction was carried out by refluxing for 3h with n(octanol):n(maleic anhydride)= 1.00:1.05 at 70°C. The sulfonation reaction was carried out with n(maleic anhydride):n(NaHSO3)= 1.00:1.05 at 90°C for 4h,the concentration of sulfurous acid is 35% solution. The second esterification reaction was carried out with n(sodium sulfosuccinate octanol mono ester):n(glycol)=2.50:1.00 and 1.0% p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid at 150°C for6h(3) The surface tension of the Gemini surfactants were investigated ,and the CMC of the Gemini surfactants are from 0.49 X 10"4 to 0.96 X 10"4 mol/L, the surface tension are from 27.4mN/m to 38.4mN/m. Approve the Gemini surfactants have higher surface active than the traditional.