A Research Of The Pollution Actuality Of Volatile Organic Compounds In The Indoor Air Of Northeast Normal University

There are many kinds of indoor air pollutions. These contaminations can be classified to three kinds according to the differences of their quality. These three kinds are physical contaminations, chemical contaminations and biologic contaminations. In the kind of chemical contaminations volatile organic compounds(VOCs) is one of important contaminations. VOCs are one of the main pollutants in indoor air. VOCs has been a monitoring itom of indoor air pollutants in China. There are many sources which can release volatile organic compounds. Construction materials is the main source of VOCs, particularly nowadays with a hot tendency of interior decoration, more and more construction materials be used in indoor space, as a result, VOCs releases from construction materials to indoor air. The pollutions can make the negative influence so mach as chromic respiratory diseases.At present, the national standard method for determination of VOCs is thermal desorption /gas chromatography (GB/T 18883-2002) required analyzing them at laboratory after sampling gas in situation and it is related to complicated manipulation, long time lag and high costs, as well as the results can not reflect the situation of indoor air pollutants real time. Furthermore, mostly sampling and analyzing instruments need to be imported, analytical method also referenced that from foreign countries, so it's development and application was confined in big degree. This situation has not adapted to requiring of indoor air quality detection.VOCs portable detector has many advantages, such as extensive measure range, high precision, good stability, speedy analysis, real time analysis etc., so it was widely used in recent years.We carried out a series of experiments for 42 newly-fit houses in Northeast Normal University during a period from 2006 September to 2007 March. By means of questionnaire, investigation, sampling, analysis and monitoring, research and analysis have been done based on the results.In this experiments the 42 rooms be disport into two groups, the first group included dormitories, classrooms, offices and reprography rooms, in this group 38 samples were choosed. The second group is dining-room. In the first group we choose nine chemical compounds as detect index, they are benzene, toluene, m-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, butadiene, acetone, 2- Methyl ethyl ketone, 1,3,5- terimeth benzene. The superscale of benzene in winter is 18 and the rate is 47%, but in super the superscale is 6 and the rate is 15.8%. the superscale of toluene in winter is 11 and the rate is 28.95%; but in super the superscale is 4 and the rate is 10.5%.The results indicates that these nine contaminations'concentration has correlativity with temperature. In winter, the temperature in dormitory and classroom is 19℃and 15℃respectively, those contaminations'concentration in winter is higher than the concentration in spring, in addition, natural ventilation is one reason. Through analyze we can found that these contaminations are mainly from the use of commodity and cigarettes.The main contamination in dining-room is acraldehyde. So we researched the relationship between the acraldehyde contamination and cooking activity. We choose four time, 9:00 and 15:00 the cooking activity is very few, so the contamination is low, but 11:30 and 17:30 the contamination is very high, this concentration is 2.6 times an much as the front one. This result indicates that the main pollution source is cookingactivity. The most important measures to be taken is to avoid introduction of pollution sources of VOCs by using as much environment-friendly high-quality materials having no or low VOCs contents as possible for interior decoration, in conformity with related national standards. All governments at all levels should make every effort to timely eliminate and prohibit use of out-of-date construction materials and workmanship. Natural ventilation is a effective measure to decrease the pollutants'contamination, this measure can decrease the contamination rapidly and can accelerate the release rate of pollutants.Now there are many control technologies of indoor air pollution, such as chemical reaction, physical adsorption, air negative ion, optical catalysis, and botanical purification etc. these method can reduce pollutions'contamination in a certain extent, but these methods are not almighty. So indoor air pollution must strength keep away, make the integration between prevent and father.