Extraction, Physical-chemical Properties And Antioxidative Effects Of Apple Seed Oil

Apple seeds are one of the main components in apple pomace, which may be3.1% in apple pomace. It is proved that the rate of apple seed oil is commonly 22%～27% in apple seed, and 90% of fatty acids is unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleicacid, which is essential fatty acids for human as having important functions for humanhealth, accounting for 46%～52% of fatty acids. Therefore, apple seed oil has importantfunctions for human health. After juicing, most of apple seed come into the pomace. Sothere, are abundant apple seed in apple pomace. China has an abundant resource of applepomace, and every year can get more than 1 million tons apple pomace. There is aglorious prospect to produce apple seed oil utilizing apple seed.In this paper, the following contents were particularly studied: Firstly, theextraction of apple seed oil by cold pressing and ultrasonic-assisted were researched;Secondly, the analysis of apple seed oil's physical-chemical properties, fatty acidcomposition were researched; Thirdly, discussed on the technical refining of apple seedoil; And the end, to investigate the effects of apple seed oil on hyperlipemia model rats.It provides another method for making use of apple pomace synthetically. And thensupplies a theoretic basis and optimum processing technics for empoldering andutilizing apple seed oil.The results of the study are the followings.1. The best technical condition of cold pressing extraction are: pressure 60Mpa, pressingtime 8h. under which oil recovery is 3.86%.2. One suitable solvent was picked up from several organic solvents, and mainlyfocused on the extraction methods of apple seed oil.3. Quadratic regression orthogonal rotary experiments for ultrasonic-assisted extractionof apple seed oil were used in this paper. And the results were analyzed by DPS. Theresults indicated that the 4 factors in the experiments, solid vs. liquid ratio,ultrasonic-assisted extraction time, ultrasonic frequency, their square and temperature,have influences to the extraction effects. The influencing extents of the 4 factors are:extraction time＞ultrasonic frequency＞solid vs. liquid ratio＞temperature. The bestextraction conditions are: solid vs. liquid ratio is 8mL/g, extraction time is 35min, temperature is 35℃, ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, we got 23.94g apple seed oil from100g apple seed, and it's about 0.37% lower than the theoretical calculation value. Theequation which showed the relationship between the extraction effect and the 4 factorsis:Y=22.89833+0.45X₁+0.855X₂+0.395X₃+0.63417X₄-0.36667X₁²-0.31667X₂²-1.05292X₄². The equation can truly forecast the recovery of apple seed oil.4. The analysis results of physical and chemical index of cold pressing and ultrasonicassisted extraction oil are: the characteristic index, such as specific gravity, refractiveindex, acid value, saponification value and iodine value are similar. The moisture andvolatile, the content of lecithoid of cold pressing oil are 0.1% and 0.46(μg/mL), whichare nearly 20 times of ultrasonic assisted extraction oil. The peroxide value of coldpressing oil is 3.2(meq/kg), which is the half of ultrasonic assisted extraction oil.5. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in apple seed oil is higher than 87%, the mostproportion are oleic acid and linoleic acid, their content are 48% and 38%. Therefore,apple seed oil will have upper nutrition value and broad develop prospect.6. In the experiments, the apple seed oil was obtained by alkali refine method with thefolling optimum condition: when the concentration of alkali is 24°Be′and the ratio ofexcessive alkali to oil is 0.2% the quality of the final oil basically conform to nationalstandard.7. Apple seed oil can lower the level of TC and TG of rats. Apple seed oil has a distinceregulation for lipid metabllizing. Apple seed oil could increase the SOD, CAT andrestraining·OH, decreased MDA of rats' liver organization. Therefore, apple seed oilhas the activity of antioxidation.