The Study Of Extraction And Character On Lycopene

Lycopene is a straight-chained carotinoids composed of eleven conjugated and two non-comjugated carbon-carbon double bonds and is the intermediate for the biosynthesis of many carotinoids. Lycopene is an important natural carotenoids, it has the function of various health cares, such as resisting cancer, increasing the immunity, scavenge free radicals and antioxidant. As a potential functional natural colorant, more and more researches were focus on it. It can be widely used in pharmaceutical, premium cosmetics, health food, etc. We addressed on the process parameters and process control of organic solvent and Supercritical CO₂ extraction (SFE).Then the extractor was sublimate and the content was measured. As well as the scavenging effect on free radicals and the stability on temperature, metallic ions, acid, alkali, oxidant, reducer, light, preservative, sugar in this paper. The results are as follows:The method of organic solvent has been utilized to see about the effect of time, temperature, ratio of liquid to solid and times of the extraction. When using chloroform as extracting solvent, the best process parameters of organic solvent leaching are ratio of liquid to solid 1:3, temperature 50℃,time 80min, the times of extraction 3, it could get a recovery of 86.87% (P<0.05) from peels, 82.45% (P<0.01) from seeds and 85.32% (P<0.05) from paste, respectively.Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of lycopene from freeze-dried tomato powder with CO₂ was explored. The effect of different parameters, such as temperature (40℃,50℃,60℃), pressure (35MPa, 40MPa, 45MPa) and particle size (0.45, 0.30, 0.20mm), on the extraction yield and the content of lycopene in extracts was determined with statistical analysis. The experimental results show that the temperature has the largest effect on both the lycopene content of the extract and the oil yield. Establishing the effects of the linear and quadratic terms of factors and their interactions the ANOVA (analysis of variances) tables and Pareto charts were obtained. The mass transfer parameters and the effects were calculated by statistical for windows 9.0 software. Differences between averages are determined according to a t-test with a significance level of 5%. The equation is as follows:The product obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction at 30.65MPa, 50.23℃and particle size 0.32mm contains the highest concentration lycopene of 25.326±1.025g/100g dry material.Compared to the method of organic solvent, SFE has the advantage of non-remainder, purer, shorter and so on.And the extracts were analysed by UV-visible detector and thin-lay chromatography. The solvent is petroleum aether: dichloromethane: chloroform (18.5:1.3:0.2,V/V/V). The result is that there are three spots and they areβ-carotene, lycopene and lutein from top to down.The scavenging effect on superoxid negative ion and DPPH of lycopene with chemical light method were introduced. The result shows that lycopene has strong scavenging effect on the both free radicals, and the dose-effect relationship is significant. EC₅₀ is 14.27μg/ml (P<0.01) and 50.36μg/ml(P<0.01), respectively.The stability of lycopene was studied. The result showed that temperature doesn't influence the stability obviously and lycopene was stable in weak acid alkaline condition. Lycopene was sensitive to sunlight, especially sunlight and UV. The stability of lycopene is reduced when Fe³⁺ or Cu²⁺ is added to its medium whereas other metal ions have no such effect on its stability.