A Study On The Present Situation And Protection Countermeasure Of Wetland Resources In Shanghai

Wetlands are one of the most important global ecosystems, and one of the most important human living environments. Wetlands are abundant in biological diversity as the ecological landscape. The developments of early human civilization were based on the wetlands, while some great civilization declined due to the improper use of wetlands which led to ecological deterioration. More and more researches demonstrated that wetlands play an significant role in the development of economy and society. Meanwhile the importances of wetlands value are concerned by more and more scholars, and decision-makers.Shanghai which has many wetlands is located in the costal wetland zone of Hangzhou bay. The biological resources, land resources, water resources of wetlands in Shanghai have many important functions of disaster reduction, tourism and sustainable development research. In April 2004 The satellite remote sensing datas showed that there are 870 wetlands whose sizes are more than 5 hm~2 , the total size is 36761.46hm~2. We investigated 355 wetlands of Shanghai according to the number and sort of the wetlands during 18 months. These wetlands covered all the administrative regions of Shanghai. The satellite remote sensing datas are modified by our investigation. Moreover, the combined analyses are made in aspects of the numbers, sorts and distribution of wetlands resources. Besides we surveyed and analyzed the utilization of wetlands and their plants especially. We explicated the main threating factors of wetlands, made the index system of wetlands resources monitoring and proposed the rational protection and utilization of wetlands.The results have five aspects:1 .According to the investigation ,we firstly use the division standard of《Regulations of national wetlands resources investigation technology》made by Wetlands resources monitoring center of national forestry bureau to divide the Shanghai wetlands into different types. They are Coastal waters and coastal wetlands (Ⅰ), lakes wetlands (Ⅲ) and constructed wetlands (Ⅴ), those three main types have10 subtypes in all;2. Basing on the past research, we refined the division standard of main wetlands in Shanghai. In accordance with the geographical position, attibut and function character of wetlands, we divided the wetlands into three types for research and management.3. We summarized the situation of wetlands recourses in Shanghai in detail, and analyzed the distribution characters. The study indicated that there are two vegetation types: aquatic vegetation and hygrophytic vegetation , five vegetation subtypes and sixteen formations of wetlands in Shanghai; hygrophytic vegetation are total 27families,32genus and 36species, the aquatic type has 10 families, 12 genus and 12species, hygrophytic type has 5 families ,7genus and 9species, emergent type has 7 families ,8 genus and 8 species, helophyte 4 families ,4 genus and 6 species, saline meadow has1 families 1 genus 1 species.4. We analyzed the present situation of wetlands and vegetation resources in Shanghai, indicated that the threaten and depredating factors of wetlands are population pressure and high-speed development.5.We established the monitoring index system of the wetlands in the basis of the numbers , types, vegetation and summarizing the situation of utilization, proposed the construction of monitoring sites and the measures of resource protection and utilization, thus providing the realistic basis of making correlated policy measuresfor the management department.