| Coal is one of the most important energy sources in our country. Accordingly coal industry appears as the vital industry in maintaining the energy security and national economy. Specifically for Shanxi province, there are myriads of problems associated with impacts of coal mines on the environment and society. Since 1979, coal industries in our countries were legislated to be assessed by Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) procedures.Though certain accomplishments were achieved, the accumulated problems associated with mine zones and coal complexes still remain unresolved in a systematic way. EIA is one quantitative way to measure sustainable development. According to "Law on EIA of China," EIA should be carried out to evaluate all energy (coal) projects in terms often specific categories.With reference to requirements of the law on EIA and the coal industry plans of "Eleventh Five",the author chose Xiangning mining area as the research region of this paper. The ecological footprint applies to the development of strategic environmental impact assessment of coal in Shanxi province.The research objective of this paper is to have an accurate and reasonable understanding of the present and future condition of the regional sustainable development as well as its dynamic changes and put forward some measures in hopes of promoting the ecological sustainable development.Firstly, the thesis use ecological footprint in sustainable development research. Ecological footprint method analyzes the natural capital consumption from the angle of the biophysical parameters, compares the ecological capacity and judges whether it is sustainability. It includes ecological footprint and ecological capacity of two models. As for the local ecological footprint, the biological products calculate the productive footprint, while the energy resources calculate the consumption footprint. In this thesis, the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of Xiangning mining area are studied in the EF model, in hopes of revealing the actual condition of the regional sustainable development.Secondly, the annual ecological footprint and ecological capacity of Xiangning mining area during 1996～2006 are calculated by the ecological footprint model.Dynamic analysis and assessment of present condition of the regional sustainable development are accomplished by calculating the per capital ecological deficit/surplus, ecological tension index, ecological occupancy index, ecological economic coordination index and sustainable development index. The calculation results show that (ⅰ) there are fluctuating changes in some extent in the per capita ecological capacity of Xiangning mining area while there is a continuous increase in the per capita ecological footprint (ⅱ) the changes of the ecological footprint corresponding to the arable land, the pasture and the fossil fuel land play a most important role in the per capita ecological footprint of Xiangning mining area (ⅲ) the order of the ecological footprint according to its scale in the major years is as follow:fossil fuel land>arable land>pasture>forest>built-up land>water areas.During 1996～2001,Xiangning mining area is an ecological surplus.During 2002～2006, it is incurring an ecological deficit, which shows a sustained rapid increase.The ecological footprint is relatively strong and the ecological tension index and ecological occupancy index increases rapidly. The ecological economic coordination index and sustainable development index have shown a decrease.The result of the sustainable development assessment show that the ecological environment of Xiangning mining area is a relatively unsafe, comparably poor, a bit bad coordination, relatively good sustainability during 1996～2006.Thirdly, the annual ecological footprint and ecological capacity of Xiangning mining area during 2010～2015 are predicted by the grey model thus the per capital ecological deficit/surplus, ecological tension index, ecological occupancy index, ecological economic coordination index and sustainable development index are calculated so as to make dynamic analysis and assessment of the future condition of the sustainable development. The prediction results show that there will be a sustained increase in the per capita ecological deficit. There will be a rapid large increase in the ecological tension index and ecological occupancy index, and the increasing speed of ecological tension index during 2010-2015 will surpass that in the previous decade.The ecological economic coordination index and sustainable development index will decrease, and the growth rate of ecological economic coordination index decrease, the growth rate of sustainable development index increase.The result of the sustainable development assessment show that (i) Xiangning mining area is extremely unsafe during 2010-2015 (ii) the ecological occupancy index will have a increase, and ecological footprint per capita is higher than world average,so the region belongs to a bit rich area (ⅲ) the level of ecological economic coordination index is 1st grade, so the region is a bit bad coordination (ⅳ) the level of sustainable development index is 2nd during 2010～2014, and is 1st after 2005,indicating the sustainability of Xiangning mining area decline rapidly.Finally, this paper proposes some measures to maintain sustainable development:(ⅰ) control the increase of the population and enhance public consciousness of the eco-environmental protection (ⅱ)land use rationalization (ⅲ) for ecological restoration, particularly the subsidence area (ⅳ) convert the mode of the economic growth and change production and consumption patterns (ⅴ) optimize the industrial structure and establish economic system of eco-environmental protective benefits (ⅵ) promote clean energy production and recycling economy.In this thesis, owing to the restriction of the data availability, the research on the regional sustainable development in this thesis is synthetic and macroscopic.The thesis is based on the combination of the ecological footprint and SEA, which compare the ecological footprint and ecological capacity to understand the general condition of the sustainable development of Xiangning mining area, but fails to achieve partition of Xiangning mining area, which requires local comprehensive statistical data. The there partitions (planning area, exploration area, reserve area) are studied to compare the ecological footprint and ecological capacity, take the sustainable development of the district and horizontal,so as to determine the sustainable of Xiangning mining area. The focus of the development research division puts forward the maintenance of regional sustainable development strategies and measures that the maintenance of Xiangning mining area and sustainable development of partitions is important, it is necessary to explore for deeper study.
|
PDF Full Text Request