Research On Small And Experimental Four-axis Engraving And Milling Machine

With the development of modern processing and manufacturing industries, the engraving and milling machine which can do fine carving as well as cutting and milling has developed greatly. Because of its high efficient milling capacity and high surface quality of fine carvings, the engraving and milling machine can enable high efficiency and high precision to be an organic unity. The small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine designed in this paper is mainly used for the milling of EPS or industrial wax. The topic derived from the key program of the returned students of Shaanxi province and its purpose is to achieve universal control platform and then to verify and evaluate this platform.Firstly, the development status of engraving and milling machine and CNC system are analyzed in this paper, and CNC system controlled by PLC is proposed, which is based on the research status at home and abroad of the open CNC system.Secondly, according to the features of the small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine, the general scheme of the mechanical design is advanced, including the selection of the movement pattern, the main linear drive components, the tool and the pattern of engraving and milling. Then, the design,calculation and the choice of the types of the main components are also accomplished. Meanwhile, the mechanical model of the machine is built by using SOLIDWORKS.Finally, the hardware and the software of the control system of the machine is designed. During the designing of the hardware, the motion control scheme is worked out according to the structures of the objects and the control requirements, every link in control chain is designed and chosen in details, and the lifting and decreasing speed scheme and the drive control of the motor is submitted as well based on the motion characteristic of the Stepping motor. In the designing procession of the software, the line, arc interpolation algorithm and the design of the flow chart are accomplished, the independently move of XYZ axis and the line and arc interpolation algorithm in X Y plane are programmed by using the GX-DEVELOPER.The development and design of this machine is of great value in terms of theory and practice, especially, makes references to the research of the economical movement control mode and reform of CNC machine tools.