Typological Study Of Environmental Injustice Problems In Our Country

Since reforming and opening up for 30 years, rapid economic growth bring our country into the most live period of prosperity in the history, while our country has entered a period of high incidence of social problems at the same time, which is more and more complex. Tensions and maladjustment of social tensions between people serious has impacted on the relationship between human and the natural environment seriously. Rapid economic growth supported by high input, high consumption, high pollution and low efficiency has made our environment, ecology, resources, and energy an unprecedented crisis. Environmental pollution and ecological imbalance has become increasingly prominent. Rural pollution, urban industrial pollution, solid waste and hazardous waste pollution problems have begun to threaten some people's physical and mental health. The tension between the people and the environment and the interpersonal tensions reinforce each other, leading to growing social conflicts, so, environmental problems have became a new important factor affected social stability. There is a serious unfair of distribution of environmental resources and risks in different areas and groups. Overall, the environmental justice issues include problems of unfair international environment, problems between developed areas and backward regions, environmental inequality between urban and rural, problems between groups and problem of unfair intergenerational environment.First, as the scale of economies and technique of developed countries keep ahead of our country; The gap of technical standards, environmental standards and structure of industry between our country and developed countries, provide the impetus for the international industrial transfer. Under these conditions, the developed countries transfer the production to our country and sale harmful products; smuggling "foreign garbage" to our country; at the same time our export of product of resources consumption has brought hidden transfer of pollution. To promote the implementation of international environmental justice, should not only strengthen international cooperation, refuse foreign waste actively, But also promote the development of relatively poor areas in China,narrow the development gap with developed countries,this is a fundamental policy to deal with pollution shift.Second, since the reform and opening up, economic of eastern regions of our country has developed rapidly with the State's preferential policies, while western areas, has poor natural environment, and locate in inland areas, and resources and energy have been transported to the eastern region to support its development, that ultimately led that the economic of western region dropped behind that of the eastern region. With the industrial conversion and upgrade of the eastern region, a large number of enterprises with high pollution, high consumption were washed out. As the central and western regions were eager for economic development, some of these enterprises was transferred to the central and western regions. Therefore, the environmental injustice between the developed regions and the backwardness regions mainly showed the shift of the pollution-intensive industries and obsolete equipment to the west. Through the national planning, we should build more demonstration areas of industrial transfer and recycling economic areas to promote implementation of inter-regional environmental justice.Third, as the special social background, China's urban and rural has been on the state of the "Dual" against development in long-term. After the city rich, the government wants the city to promote rural development, resulting in rural prosperity, but also bringing serious pollution to the farmers. There are three main aspects of the problem of unfair environment between urban and rural as follows:first, to improve the urban environment, the factory moved to the suburbs from the city center, and the urban pollution transferred to rural; Second, the waste of urban spread to villages; Third, the transfer of urban industries to rural areas also made environmental degradation in rural areas. To change this situation, we should consider changing the assessment mechanism of local officials, increasing and implementing the environmental performance evaluation of local officials; Building a new socialist countryside, improving the cultural level of farmers, strengthening the capacity of farmers to participate; Changing the situation of lawless low cost and law-abiding high cost; The introduction of talents for the development of county and township, which provides a long-term protection for the sustainable development of rural enterprises.Fourth, because of social transformation, China's social class has divided into rich and poor. After the middle and upper strata of society accessed to environmental interests, environmental problems became increasingly serious, but they didn't bear the risk. Due to the reason of economic and society, environmental risk was transferred to the vulnerable groups. To settle the problems of community environmental injustice, we should change the existing system, guiding upward mobility of vulnerable groups; encourage the innovation of local governments and citizens, strengthening public participation.Fifth, The real performance of inter-generational environmental injustice is the development and enjoyment of some adult groups have deprived of the living environment, health and survival of children. For lack of the general public data, this part selects field of water environment to do the typical case study. Surface water was polluted, endangering the lives of future generations to continue; Groundwater was polluted, being difficult and high cost to treat water environment for future generations; Sea water quality was poor, being hard to guarantee "the principle of getting"of some water of the sea for future generations. Aiming at environmental injustice for generations, we should change the existing water management system, change the concept of development, save resources, and develop scientifically.In order to construct the environmental justice in the view of ecological civilization, we should take various effective measures, through strengthening cooperation of government, business and the public, such as cultivating the middle class, implementing Regional Planning Environmental evaluation, practicing environment-friendly development and so on, to promote implementation of environmental justice, to achieve the ecological civilization society of environmentally friendly, scientific production, rational consumption and high degree of harmony between man and nature, better and faster, which we advocate.