Synthesis And Applications Of Polymeric Reactive Dyes Containing Quanternary Ammonium Groups

Polymeric dyes have been widely used in photolectric material, biomedical and some other fields since it was firstly synthesized in 1970 for it has both the spectrally selecting absorption of dyes and the stability, hypotoxicity and biocompatibility of high molecular polymer. Polymeric dyes provide new sights in textile dyeing. Reactive dyes containing quanternary ammonium groups can give textile antimicrobial property in salt-free dyeing. It was found in the research of macro-molecular quaternary salt that the toxicity of macro-molecular quaternary salt was lower than the monomer, even non-toxic. So it was very meaningful to research the synthesis of polymeric reactive dyes containing quanternary ammonium groups which can give textile antimicrobial property while dyeing.In this paper, two kinds of polymeric reactive dyes containing quanternary ammonium groups were synthesized. Polymeric reactive dyeⅠcontaining quanternary ammonium groups was synthesized with the reactive dye X-3B (CAS Registry Number:17804-49-8) as chromophores and Polymeric reactive dyeⅡcontaining quanternary ammonium groups was synthesized with 2-(1-Anthraquinonylamino)-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (CAS Registry Number:6522-75-4) as chromophores. The chemical structures of the products were characterized with UV and FTIR spectra. The maximum wave length (λ, max) of the dyes were 528 nm and 436 nm.The proper conditions of the synthesis of polymeric reactive dyeⅡcontaining quanternary ammonium groups were studied:(1) the volume ratio of water and methylbenzene:5:1; PEI:0.159 mol/L; 65℃; 5h, the replacement rate of chromophores: 11.9%; (2) tertiary amination:PEI:10 g/L; 0～5℃; 6h, productivity:70%; (3) the product of tertiary amination:8 g/L; 50℃; 10h, productivity:50%.The cotton fabrics and wool were dyed by polymeric reactive dyeⅡcontaining quanternary ammonium groups and the dyeing conditions and dyeing fastness were discussed. From the experiments, we could arrive a conclusion that the fixation rate on cotton of the polymeric dyes reached 50% when the dyeing temperature was 90℃, the dyes dosages were 2% and the fixation time was 45 minutes. On wool, it reached 70% when the dyeing temperature was 95℃, the dyes dosages were 2% and the keeping time was 60 minutes. The wash-fastness, rub-fastness of polymeric dyes on cotton reached 4-5 grade and 3-4 grade respectively.The antimicrobial property of the polymeric antibiotic dyes was researched using Escherichia Coli. The effects of the cotton fabrics dyed in different concentration of the prepared dyes were examined with the method of plate counting live bacterium. The experiment results indicated that the prepared polymeric antibiotic dyes possessed very strong antimicrobial properties.