Study On The Measures Of Use And Protect Of Urban Wetland In Changsha City

Wetland is a unique ecosystem on the earth created by the interaction of water and land. Wetland is one of ecological landscape of the richest diversified mature of living things and the most important existence environment of the mankind. Wetland, forest and ocean are equally called three macro-ecosystems which had the richest bio-diversity of nature and had the highest ecological function.This text expatiated the general situation of urban wetland of Changsha, classified ChangSha urban wetland, analyzed the changes of Changsha urban wetland, modified the previous evaluation result of ecological service function of urban wetland of Changsha, put forward the existing problems and approached the solution measures in conservation and utilization of urban wetland of Changsha. Discussed on ecological benefit compensation mechanism of urban wetland of Changsha, and game analyses on government and private capital for conservation and utilization of urban wetland of Changsha are emphasized.The main results are as follows:(1) Without considering paddy fiels area, the areas of Changsha urban wetland have decreased from 5 734.28 hm2 to 5 212.47 hm2 from 1998 to 2007, it decreased 521.81 hm2 during these 10 years and the rate of decreasing is 9.1%, averagely decreased 52.18 hm2 every year. Due to the error in embankment rebuilding and treatment process of remote sensing image, the areas of permanent river have increased 22.39hm2, with 0.68%added; the areas of drainage markedly increased 74.13%; the areas of warter storage area have decreased 228.96 hm2, with 35.77%reduced; the areas of ponds have decreased 321.25 hm2, with 17.92%reduced.(2) The resule showed that total value of Changsha urban wetland eosysterm service was 1 489.207 2 million RMB per year by quoting and using partial updated method, direct value was 1 145.989 8 million per year, indirect value was 160.959 5 millionRMB per year, and non-use value was 182.267 9 milion RMB per year.The idiografic value was as follows:food supply value(110.363 milion RMB per year), water supply value(739.9376 milion RMB per year), tour value(291.65 milion RMB per year), scientific research value(4.039 2 milion RMB per year), water conservation value(3.911 4 milion RMB per year), carbon fixed and oxygen released value(102.395 milion RMB per year), soil conservation value(3.519 milion RMB per year), climate regulation value(8.399 2 milion RMB per year), biodiversity conservation value(42.734 9 milion RMB per year), heritage value(37.106 milion RMB per year), existence value(41.591 3 milion RMB per year) and choice value(103.570 6 milion RMB per year)(3) According to the above analysis, pointed out some insufficiencies of the conservation and utilization of urban wetland of Changsha,such as:inaccurate location of ecological service function, imperfect management mechanism, lack of funds, serious destruction of ecological environment, low degree of the mass participation. And put forward some countermeasures,such as:drawing up ecological conservation and utilization planning, implementing ecological compensation mechanism, attracting private capital, controlling pollution and restorating ecological environment, implementing management together with community.(4) Discussed the ecological benefit compensation mechanism of urban wetland of Changsha, drew some conclusions:the acts of destruction of ecosystem shoud punished according to law that is made by government departments; the external internalization standard of ecological benefit of urban wetland of Changsha shoud no more than 12 600 yuan RMB per hectare every year; the compensation standard of the input of conservation and utilization of urban wetland of Changsha shoud no more than 110 200 yuan RMB per hectare every year, compensation has many modes such as financial subsidy, tax deduction and exemption and other forms. In the course of implementation, the polluter shoud levied sewage treatment fee in order to compensate use right owner of wetland. And including increase the external internalization part of ecological benefit, the total compensation of the first and second standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water is 12.6 thousand yuan RMB per hectare every year,. In order to supervise relative subjects protecting wetland, the third standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water have no compensation for eosysterm service function impairment. The forth standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water also have no compensation. The polluter should be punished and deprived use Right of use right owner of wetland. The compensation standard of major wetland which consonant with the first or second standard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water was 122.8 thousand yuan RMB per hectare every year. (5) Game Analyses on government and private capital for conservation and utilization of urban wetland of Changsha, drew some conclusions:the government compensates ecological benefit of urban wetland of Changsha, which would beneficial to attract private capital and improve ecological service function of urban wetland of Changsha, but do not improve supply efficiency. Only in condition that private capital was enough rational can government improve supply efficiency of ecological service function of urban wetland of Changsha by ecological benefit compensation.