| Water is the source of life. Drinking water is crucial to human which is directly related to human health and safety. With the development of the society, population is increasing dramatically, which lead to drinking water pollution become a global environmental problem. In our country, social problems caused by water source are conspicuous. To solve this problem, environmental protection required to carry out the environmental protection of drinking water sources.This thesis is in the case of water source protection area in Jiading District, According to the site investigation, protection area is delimited and all kinds of pollution sources are given and analyzed; Environmental status and water quality are evaluated by scientific and rational assessment method to understand primary pollution source and pollutant and their variation trends. Commanding the analysis to the evaluate results with the conditions of every area, pollution control countermeasures and suggestions are provided. The main research conclusion is following:(1) The new planning of water source area in Jiading District including Jiading, Baoshan, Taicang. The total area is 14.42 km2, key protection area and second protection zone are 0.32 km2 and 14.1 km2 respectively.(2) Water source protection area in Jiading District, point source and non-point source are coexisting. Non-pointsource is the main cause that results in the surface water pollution, in which livestock and poultry raising is the maximum pollution contribution to the surface water pollution. According to pollution load, livestock manure (75.86%)> agricultural runoff (13.05%)> domestic pollution (11.09%).(3) TN,TP is main affecting factors, comes mainly from livestock and poultry raising pollution. The equiscalar pollution load of TP is the most,55.85%; Second is TN,33.48%; CODcr is minimum,10.67%.(4) In the three administrative areas, the total pollution contribution rate of Taicang is the biggest, mainly caused by the livestock and poultry. The total load ratio of pollution source was 78.96%; In sources of pollution of Taicang,only livestock and poultry raising was 93.8%.(5) Monitoring data and evaluation results are shown:The main pollution factors that impacted on water environment are TN and NH3-N, mainly caused by large nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants flows in the water body.(6) Water quality had not been fundamental improved from 2008 to 2010; Section monitoring sites have the trend of deteriorated further.(7) Pollution control measures which include building sewage treatment facilities, development of specialized agriculture, reasonablly planning breeding area and strengthen enterprise supervisory control were proposed. Through the establishment of eco-compensation mechanism, strengthen contingency ability construction, building regional agreements etc, using economic, administrative and legal means to improve the effectiveness of water source protection.This paper provided scientific basis for Jiading District water source area safety and optimize water management. At the same time, this study also has an important theoretical significance to the protection of small and medium-sized water source in Shanghai.
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