A Media Ecology Study Of Wartime Chongqing

The transformation of national political center makes anti-war period be the most glorious time of Chongqing in its history, which promoted Chongqing as the nation's political, military, educational and financial center, in contrast with its provincial role before it. After the pacific war erupted, Chongqing had been one of the four famous anti-fascist capitals.Theories in"Media Ecology: Study on media as green ecology"written by Shao Peiren are fundamental theoretical references for this article. Shao Peiren holds the opinion that the circumstance of newspaper consist of three different parts: social environment, media environment and Pseudo-environment. This article focus on discussing the existence and development situation of newspaper within the three circumstances which was mentioned above.Social environment is defined as social situation and condition which shaped by the assembly of human beings. The participator who involved in the communication activity is actually by itself as an individual, and then it has connection with media media environment and social environment. The elements of social environment is quite complicated, when it comes to communication activity, can be divided as political factor, economic factor, culture factor and information factor.Media environment is defined as an overall atmosphere referred to public media agencies management, and a habitual mode produced by assembly of all the public broadcasting activities. Media environment mainly comprises media prestige, social responsibility, team-work spirit, professional norms and realistic attitude. If these five factors have a positive progress, then the effect on media's social benefit and economic benefit will be higher, meanwhile the personnel's'sense of achievement and enthusiasm will be more.If the media environment can be considered as a smaller environment circle and social environment as a bigger environment, then a middle sized environment called"Pseudo-environment"can be established through continual broadcasting activities, which is also known by Lippmann. This chapter from the angles of public space creation and culture topic arise, discusses"Pseudo-environment"aroused by"Sin Xua Rhbao".Owing to lack of professional knowledge, newspaper did not appeal to the public, especially peasants and common workers at the end of 1930's. In addition, the restrictions on news gathering, and the major newspaper were common cited by local newspapers, result in the target reader group of newspaper were only within the elites. These elites either take action on owning the speaking right through mass media, or owned the vast majority of media resources, while other poor educated readers have lost the connection with the media discourse. As a result, the different needs of readers lead confrontation and conflict to the mass media."Sin Xua Rhbao"had changed the situation by meeting the needs of un-covered readers and eased the confrontation and conflict and narrowed the distance between reader and media, so that they can share the media resources, and adjusted the situation of ecological imbalance of media ecology to a certain extent,.