Study On The Spatial Selection Of Ecological Compensation Regions

The research of the spatial selection of ecological compensation regions is the basic and supporting research, which plays an important role in establishing an effective and rational ecological compensation mechanism. However, there is rarely special research in spatial selection of ecological compensation regions at the moment in domestic. Lack of spatial differentiation in the targeting mechanism may lead to efficiency losses. Addressing this challenge, we construct an applied site selection tool, which takes into account three variables that vary in space: environmental services provided, risks of losing those services, and participation costs. Take water conservation of grasslands in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example, take towns as basic unit, classified the whole Prefecture by cluster analysis based on the model as five compensation zones: the priority areas of compensation, sub-priority compensation zones, secondary compensation zones, critical compensation zones and potential compensation zones and analyze the relevant characteristics of five kinds of compensation zones. Taking the present work basis and the financial circumstances of the budget into account, the compensation budget has been greatly limited. The space selection model, which is based on the efficiency of the compensation funds has great practical significance. The space selection model takes that the fewest fund gains maximal ecosystem services as target and choose compensation areas, which take the contribution of ecosystem serves as basis and take into account the damaged risk of ecosystems and the importance of eco-system.The paper broke the former researches, which is only in theory elaboration and macro level discussion, has clear and specific selection criteria, the result are drawn as follows:⑴From the view of spatial distribution, the main priority zones of compensation of grassland ecosystems are mainly distributed in purely pastoral areas, rather than non-priority zones are mainly distributed in the semi-agricultural semi-pastoral areas, agricultural areas and forest areas.⑵Five kinds of compensation zones of grassland ecosystem reveal not only the order of compensate efficiently but will also be the order of the ecological importance. The main priority zones of compensation of grassland ecosystem cover larger pasture,the grassland sizes of towns compensated are larger, but few participants are involved, however secondary compensation zones cover nearly half of the grassland ecosystem, towns and the population.⑶The differences of the distribution of compensation payments among participants (suppliers of grassland ecosystem services) are large, however compensation payments distribution in compensation zones of grassland ecosystem is relatively fair.⑷The low efficiency and the inefficiency compensation areas which occupies nearly 17% of the grassland ecosystem are neither vulnerable ecological regions nor ecological function areas. Based on ecological frangibility, ecological significance and compensation efficiency, this part of grassland can be temporarily given a lower compensation standard.⑸The order of compensation efficiency of grassland ecosystem and priorities of compensation areas is fully in line. the priority areas of compensation of grassland ecosystem is the most efficient areas, the payments in the priority areas of compensation of grassland ecosystem provide more than 14 times and more than 2 times the environmental benefits for each yuan spent than in the critical compensation zones and sub-priority compensation zones. 38.18 environmental benefits are obtained each yuan in the priority areas of compensation. The sub-priority compensation zones of grassland ecosystem is second only to the priority zones, 21.02 environmental benefits are obtained each yuan.Due to the paper take administrative unit as research unit, the actions of government departments is quite convenient, the study only takes the water conservation service of grassland ecosystem as an example, but the research methods have strong applicability. All in all, the selection scheme of ecological compensation region is both from an economic perspective, but also from the viewpoint of sociology, ecology, not only pay attention to benefits, both focus on equity, both consider economic effectiveness and pay attention to ecological effectiveness and social benefits; in addition the program also provides actionable.