Urban Traffic Congestion Charging And Pricing Study Based On GPS Floating Car Method

With the accelerated urbanization and regional economic and social integration, domestic and international cities are facing increasingly serious traffic problems. The rapid growth of urban transportation and the relative lack of urban road resources have resulted urban traffic congestion worse and worse. Urban traffic congestion charging, which is considered as a measure of traffic demand management, has received good effect in some regions and spreads throughout the world gradually.There are two main strategies of congestion pricing charge: one is static charges; the other is the dynamic charges. Dynamic charges is a more recognized method of obtaining real-time tariffs through traffic congestion analysis from real-time road traffic flow features data. However, there are limits of huge investment, low transmission speed and limited coverage of traditional urban traffic flow real-time detect methods. GPS floating car method technology has advantages of faster detect speed, low cost, we can get real-time road traffic flow feature data through a GPS device car, which can be applied in dynamic charges.Firstly, this paper analyzed the causes of urban traffic congestion, advised three commonly strategies of releasing urban traffic congestion: to increasing supply, traffic control and congestion charges, and found that the three strategies should be applied and complement each other in order to achieve the best results by comparison and analysis. Secondly, this paper described the knowledge of urban traffic congestion pricing systematically, analyzed the relationship between congestion and the traffic flow parameters of traffic density, speed, and travel costs; This paper introduced marginal cost pricing principle of the congestion charge, analyzed its advantages and disadvantages, and proposed the need to make the implementation of dynamic charges from analyzing the difference of two pricing strategies. Again, this paper described the principles of using floating car method to detect dynamic congestion pricing traffic flow parameters, and described road traffic state identification detection algorithm based on GPS floating car method. Finally, this paper established road congestion pricing models based on GPS floating car method and calibrated model parameters, and validated the models in the use of experiments.