Urban Road Congestion Pricing Method

The passage and arrival of transport is the necessary guarantees for the sustainable development of urban society and economy. A methodical environment of urban transport play the role of booster in the city. However, with the rapid growth in number of motor vehicles, There is such a serious shortage phenomenon appears in the urban road. No matter where the road repairs, traffic congestion will occur. Traffic congestion which is a typical representative of "Urban disease" in China has seriously affected the healthy rapid and sustainable development of the large and medium cities in China. Urban road congestion pricing as a transportation demand management measures, can adjust the space and time distribution of traffic flow and reduce traffic demand, thereby reduce the traffic congestion, through economic means.Firstly, the paper summarizes the domestic and foreign congestion pricing theory and outlines research achievements.According to specific conditions, from the macroscopic angle about relations of demand and supply and city's time, space angle about level of dot, line and cover, analyses the causes of road congestion. The negative effects of heavy traffic includes the decrease of Service level, the increase of cost about city's living and production, land resource consumption, the increase of probability of traffic accident happens, environmental pollution and so on.The core of this paper is method study in the urban road congestion pricing. Firstly analyses feasibility of congestion pricing by the purpose of congestion pricing. Summarizing two former method:Road optimal congestion pricing and Bottleneck road congestion pricing. Proposing dynamic road congestion pricing according to model and speed, in the first place, converting vehicles which drive within toll road to a uniform standard car. In the elastic traffic demand, optimal road congestion pricing objective function should be to maximize the economic net income. The economic net income in the traffic network(NEB) is equal to the traffic network user's gains due to congestion improvements plus the cost of congestion vehicles and then minus the total social costs of congestion charges, toll charges and equipment depreciation costs associated with management. The maximum of economic net income in transport network is equivalent to the optimal network capacity, which is the system optimization meet the road traffic constraints. The maximum of economic net income in transport network is a question, we can convert it to the optimal network capacity issues, through the speed, traffic flow, travel time and analysis the relationship of those factors. Road sections waiting time which is resulted by capacity constraints has actually resulted in a waste, so this part of the road charge system which increase a unit can be alternative by other vehicles' additional costs. Finally, exploring the suitability of the congestion pricing rate.Based on the method of congestion pricing, proposing the charge method according to vehicle's model and speed. In the end, according to our country's condition, and as London a successful example for implementation of the congestion pricing, put forward the management measures of urban road traffic charges.