| With the growth of urban traffic demands and motor vehicles, the imbalance between supply and demand of urban traffic is obvious day by day. As a measure of traffic demand management, congestion pricing can decrease the traffic congestion effectively. Based on the spatial distribution analysis of road saturation, the congestion pricing model is established, and this can provide effective scheme for decreasing the congestion in greatest degree.Firstly, factors influencing the traffic congestion toll is analyzed, and the basic principle of congestion pricing is explained from the aspect of economic theory. Based on the analysis of the classification of congestion pricing and the influence after the implement, the bi-level programming model of the congestion pricing is analyzed in combining with the basic theory of traffic assignment.Secondly, the standard deviation of road saturation is used to describe the spatial distribution, and the traffic mode of private car is in consideration. The bi-level programming model based on the spatial distribution of road saturation is established. The upper level is to minimize the total travel time of users subjecting to the standard deviation of road saturation, while the lower level is the user equilibrium under fixed demand. The Genetic Algorithm combined with Polyak algorithm is selected to solve the model after the contrast of function iteration algorithm, method of successive averages algorithm, and Polyak iterate averaging algorithm.Lastly, the road network of the Sioux Falls City,South Dakota is taken as a case to validate the practicability of the model and the validity of the algorithm, and the algorithm is realized by Matlab software. Case analysis shows the optimal toll locations and toll levels, and the result also shows that the total travel time can be decreased with the increase of number of toll links. The best toll scheme is determined for the traffic managers from the 5 road deviations.
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