The Research On Congestion Pricing In City

With the rapid development of urbanization and motorization, traffic congestion problem become more and more serious, which bring many bad influence to urban residents'life and blocked the civil economy development, even become the bottleneck restricts the development of economy. The same question has appear too in China, because the number of vehicle increase rapidly. This problem has become one of the difficult problems must solve.The traditional solution is increasing traffic supply based on road capacity, but the practice shows that the traditional solution has less effective in reducing traffic congestion. The congestion pricing is proposed to ease traffic congestion as one of important measures in Traffic Demand Management. The congestion pricing use the effect of economic level to limit the traffic demand. Thus congestion pricing could ease traffic congestion, improve the efficiency of transport facilities and improve traffic conditions. This paper analyzed the phenomenon of urban traffic congestion and the root cause of traffic congestion from economics point, expounded the concept of congestion pricing and marginal cost theory foundation,introduced traditional model and its relative limitations. The status and relations of congestion pricing managers between decision-making in the travel was anslysed by traffic assignment theories. A bi-level programming model was eatablished which can apply to general network. The bi-level programming model's lower level established objective function which basiced on the SUE theory. The objective function also analysed route choice and its randomness and combined with the function of elastic trffic demand. The function of the upper level is established with the target of the traffic managers, which is mininmizing the total travel cost. The ultimate objective is to seek a numerical which can make two levels achieve a state of"optimal". Finally, we used a example computed by MATLAB programming to prove the effciency and practicality of the model and the feasibility of congestion pricing.This study shows that implementing congestion in big cities could ease traffic congestion, adjust traffic structure, promote the development of public transport, promote the implementation of multiple people travel, balance the traffic demand in time and space and make the existing road resources fully utilized.