| Recently, a rapid progress in the development of small towns has been made in China. With the population centralization, numerous small towns have already become economic, cultural and political centers, and the merchandise convergence and decentralization centers as well. The development of small towns has brought profound changes to the rural economy and society.Planning plays an important role in the development of small towns. Scientific programming is the basic gist of the country construction and an important means of promoting the sustainable development. It is also the precondition of making good use of the effective investment, guaranteeing the present and future development of the country. In a word, it is an effective way of improving the living quality of the residents of small towns.The experience abroad indicates that the development of small towns is one of the ways of resolving the problem of excessive expansion of cities. As a result, many a countries have adopted the policy of developing small towns and have achieved positive results.Three points are emphasized in the small town construction abroad: the moderate size, the rapid and convenient traffic network and the attractive environment.Some foreign experts point out that in modern times, small town planning has already become an important means of regulating the process of urbanization. In some countries, the following 8 points have been put forward, based on experiences: (1) cities and the countries should be developed in a harmonious way; (2) the small town planning should be in accordance with district programming; (3) in programming, more attention should be given to the effective traffic and the communication technology; (4) the small town planning should be simple, concise particular; (5) the small town planning is not only the technology but also public policy; (6) the planning and construction involve changes, and changes inevitably involve the increase or decrease of personal and local interest; (7) to make planning function as the leading force in programming, its status should be established; (8) popular programmers should be familiar with the social life, and their works should reflect the social demands, as the sociologists do.The reason that some foreign countries have recently devoted huge fund and used various advanced means to planning is that they have noticed that planning is the means of optimizing the productivity layout, and that it can not only improve the continuity and consistency of the policy but also avoid the localization. So planning is considered as the ideal tool of increasing benefits.In China, Ye Jianying advanced the township-construction theory in early 1950s, and expatiated the relationship between the township-construction and economy development, which is still a guide to township construction today.In early 1980s, Hu Yaobang put forward that small towns should be made the economic, cultural and political centers of the country, and that the small town construction is the important way of developing the rural economy and resolving the population problem. Fei Xiaotong, a famous sociologist with acute insight and social responsibility, investigated problem of small town developing, and put forward his ideas about small towns development such as "small town, big problem".All the above mentioning factors play a promoting role in the small town construction in China.The Decision of the third session of the Fifteenth CCPCC about the country work points out that the small town development is an important stratagem to develop the rural economy and society. It is important to enlarge the national demands, to deepen the reform and to impulse the continuous increase of national economy.Some scholars in our country have also discussed the problem of small town construction from various viewpoints. Li Yuncai discusses the strategic aspects of urbanization. Pan Xiuling studies the small town construction and its system. Shui Yankai researches on the small town construction from the vi...
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