A Study On The History Of Nanjing City Planning During Early-modern Period (1868～1949)

The thesis is submitted for the Master's degree of Architecture in Wuhan University of Technology.With the perspective of history of city planning, the thesis shows the process of the development in Nanjing's city planning during the early modern period (1894-1949), and analyses the characteristics of city planning in this era to explain what factors influence its evolution. The thesis employs the methods of history, city planning, architecture, sociology, statistics, etc.The thesis consists of six parts:The first chapter introduces the origin, the aim and significance, the research objects, and also the research framework and methods adapted in this research task. The purpose of the introduction is to offer a theoretical background of this thesis.The second chapter traces the evolution of Nanjing city. A summary of general situation of Nanjing's history and geography shows the characteristics of the old Nanjing, then the chapter explains the beginning of the transformation and development of old Nanjing's industry, transportation, and function during the early modern times which ultimately lead to the modernization in Nanjing city as a whole. The purpose of this chapter is to render the social background for the germination of Nanjing's city planning, a production of the modernization in a city, and traces the many changes generated in the most sphere of the city.The third chapter from the angle of the city planning itself, firstly divides the research period into five sub-periods and gives the reasons for this division. Secondly the chapter shows the progress of changes and developments of the important aspects of the Nanjing's city planning, including the guidelines, the significant events, the result of practice, etc. Furthermore, describes the course of the evolution of the modes of the urban management and analyzes the different modes show the different understandings on the city planning indifferent aspect, which finally make respective effects on the whole city. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the historical material and literature to outline the track of the development of city planning in Nanjing at that period.The fourth chapter sets views on the study of the typical cases such as the Great ZhongshanRoad Plan, the City-cycling Road Plan, the New Residential District Plan, the Zhongshan Cemetery Plan, etc. These cases to some degree involves in the earlier concepts of historical building recycle, landscape design, and Residential District Plan.The fifth chapter is a summary of the historical characteristics of Nanjing's city planning and analysis of these characteristics mainly from four aspects: the first is from Nanjing's orientation in city planning. As the capital of China at that time, Nanjing's city planning show its particularity compared with some other cities along the Long Rive., especially in mode of planning, city fortification and using of the land. The second is from the theories and guidelines of planning. In this aspect, both Western theories and Chinese traditional concepts make individual effect on Nanjing's city planning. Western theories decide the macrostructure in Nanjing city, while the Chinese traditional concepts control the micro-environment in the buildings of the city. Further more, there are many architects, from China to America, devote themselves into the practice and research on Nanjing's city planning. Their theories and ideas affects the form of Nanjing city to a great degree. The third aspect is about the paradigms formation and transformation of the city planning. The final aspect is to analyze the material factors of city planning, such as using of the land, the division of the region, the system of road and greenbelt.The sixth chapter is to draw a conclusion and evaluate the critical role which Nanjing's city planning played in the broad background of modern Chinese society.