| The paper presents the objective and artificial safety norms to settle the problems which influence the navigational safety seriously through analyzing the three main factors that are ship, operator and environment. The planned route is fixed according to sea area, ship condition and weather element. Then we may correct the route, rudder and engine in the light of wind currency and obstacle as well as make control in accordance with actual state, economy and requirement to obtain the relevant avoidance data by using of AIS or ARPA and offer the corresponding navigational safe areas in connection with the various navigational areas and conditions. People, ship and environment are all dynamic states, which form a comprehensive and mutual implication system. Applied dynamic layout theory and optimum cybernetics make the comprehensive policy and dominance on system uncertainty due to complexity and changeability of the sea environment. In ship's encountering, the estimation for the danger degree from the coming vessel is the foundation to adopt suitable measure. The paper applies the judge model of vague math, uses DCPA, TAPA, the position of ship-in-itself and the relative distance of the coming ship as the evaluation norm, and draws into the subordinate function of criticality which is composed of the relative safe field dangerous field and shun field to judge the criticality of the ship's encountering objectively and effectively and provide the reasonable basis for ship's safe collision-avoidance. |
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