Study On The Minimum Water Requirement Of Eco-environment Of The Yellow River Artery In Henan

The long neglect of the problems on the ecological and environmental water requirement results in a series of eco-environmental problems, for example, the degeneration of the environment, the decrease of the biodiversity, the drying up of the river channel, groundwater table lowering etc. Therefore, how to ensure water requirement of the aquatic ecosystem is a crucial factor for the ecosystem conservation. This paper spreads out the research on the minimum water requirements of the eco-environment of the Yellow River Artery in Henan. With the guidance of basic theories, such as hydrology and science of water resource, environment science, geography and ecology, combining the hydrology characteristic of the studying district, this paper does the research on the water requirement of the eco-environment. It adopts the methods of the quantitative analysis and quantitative analysis altogether. Besides preface, the full paper is divided into seven parts: In the first part, this paper expatiates on the research progress of the water requirement of the eco-environment at home and abroad and the Yellow river through the theories and the methods. In the second third part, on the basis of the researches, this paper discusses the concept of the ecological and environmental water requirement, According to the functional principle and understanding of the concept, the author gets that the ecological and environmental water requirement comprises four parts. The four parts are the basic water requirement of ecology, the water requirement of sediment transport, the ecological water requirement of the water surface evaporation, and the water requirement of the river leakage. In the third part, the author confirms the main content and the research route of this paper. In the fourth part, this paper has made a simple survey of the Yellow River artery in Henan from the climate, hydrology and water resources utilization, etc. In the fifth part, the author respectively calculates the water requirement of the Yellow River artery in Henan. This part is the core of this paper. Calculate the basic water requirement of ecology in river. This main function on the basic water requirement of ecology is that it should maintain the balance of the aquatic ecosystem. By the annual guarantee rate method, the author estimates the basic water requirement of ecology of the Yellow River artery in Henan. According to the Tennant standard on the protection of the fluvial ecosystem, the author ascertains the threshold of the basic water requirement of ecology. The range of the minimum basic water requirement of ecology is from63.24×10~8m~3 to 68.27×10~8m~3, the range of the appropriate water requirement is from 172.65×10~8m~3 to186.53×10~8m~3,and the range of the maximum of the basic water requirement of ecology is from 396.38×10~8m~3to 438.96× 10~8m~3。 Calculate the water requirement of sediment transport in river. The water requirement of sediment transport referred to the water requirement transporting sediments passing through a certain reach or station into the downstream or sea in some time. By the water requirement of model of sediment transport, this paper calculates this part of water requirement. By the analysis of the results, this paper considers that the water requirement of sediment transport is a minimum through the Sanmenxia reservoir's water and sediment regulation, The minimum range is from 218.17×10~8m~3 to 273.47×10~8m~3. Calculate the ecological water requirement of the water surface evaporation and the water requirement of the river leakage. Because of the evaporation and leakage, the loss of water is rather more every year. Therefore, from the protection of the balance of the aquatic ecosystem, this paper calculates these two parts of water requirement. The ecological water requirement of the water surface evaporation is 2.557×10~8m~3 and is 0.61% of annual average natural runoff; the water requirement of the river leakage is 3.3×10~8m~3 and 0.79% of annual average natural runoff. By the principle of the leadin...