Research On Techniques Of Outdoor Fire Fighting And Application In Small Towns

The explosive growth of small towns in China is playing a nonreplaceable role in activating local economy growth and flourishing market. However, the construction of fire infrastructure in small towns is widely low in level at present, which leads to the fire hazard to be increasingly serious along with the development of small towns. Fire experts have pointed that if the construction and layout of fire infrastructure in small towns are not paid attention to, the safety of the lives and property of the people and the health development of small towns will be threatened. Therefore, in order to improve the ability of small towns in defending against fire risk, it is very necessary to research the fire water supply, fire station, safety layout and other aspects on fire-fighting infrastructure of small towns combining the actual situation, which will privide basis for the constitutation of administrative regulations and technical standards of small towns in our county. The technical line of survey and theoretical research in combination with case analysis is adopted in this paper. Some aspects about construciton of fire-fighting infrastructure in small towns are researched and several viewpoints are provided. 　(1) Some technical parameters of fire water supply system　Fire water supply system of the town is directly connected with the success or failure of fire fighting. Along with the development of town economy of China, the fire risk is increasing, the performance of fire engines is constantly improved and the pertinent regulations of the existent fire codes have not been able to adapt to the requirement of fire water supply. Therefore, it is necessary to make some modification to these regulations, which may influence the water supply ability in fire scene and the success or failure of fire fighting. This part researches and analyses the municipal fire consumption, pipe diameter and pressure of fire water supply pipes, space between municipal hydrants and other problems of fire water supply. 　(2) Measures and requirements of natural water body used for fire fighting in small town　When natural water body is used for outdoor fire fighting, the requirement and technical measures in the aspects of water quality, water quantity and water intake are discussed according to actual conditions in small town. The main water quality indexes of natural water bodies used in fire hydrant system are provided. Some suggestions are made to supplement and perfect the pertinent terms on natural water body used for fire fightingin in existent national codes to guarantee the security and reliability of natural water body used for fire fighting. (3) Optimization layout of fire station and layout of fire safety Through analyzing the fire occurrence probability of each system and the fire loss in fire duration, this chapter set up a calculating method of the possible direct fire loss in the responsibility zone of a fire station. Under consideration of the reasonable and acceptable value of fire property loss, a theoretical model of determining the responsibility zone of a fire station is put forward. In addition, utilizing the algorithm of network theory, this chapter makes some research on the optimization of site selection of fire station. The study can offer basic theory for the performance–based design and construction of fire station. The irrational phenomenon of fire safety layout existent in small towns of China is discussed and some suggestions on reasonable layout of fire safety are made from the angle of general planning, layout of compositions and layout of gardens and greenbelts.