| Urban public transit priority is an important method to resolve urban traffic problems of China, it is the common sense of all spheres. Then, how to get route optimization and resource rational distribution is a problem, which is faced with public transit administration and operators. The rationality of the route and resource distribution of the public transit has a direct effect upon the attraction of this service as well as the increase of the operators'efficiency and profit. Therefore, under the situation, it is imperative to build up a logical and operative index system for the resource distribution and optimization of the bus route.Expounding the basic principles and methodologies of optimization of the public transit network and resource distribution, the author defines the route optimization and resource distribution by 4 aspects, which are route distribution, stations distribution, vehicle allocation and operation organization. According to the development of the urban public transportation in China, four factors closely related to the route optimization and resource distribution evaluation of public transportation, which are networks, passengers demand, route levels and the main body of public transit participants, are analyzed to provide the proofs for building up the index evaluation system of public transit's route optimization and resource distribution.With the basic emphasis on the functioning and structure of the route, the levels of technology, service and operation are combined for the index evaluation system, while the methodology based on the Balance Score Card and DEA evaluation method with AHP are used for the bus route evaluation. The goal is to locate the inefficiency in the process of construction and operation of the route and provide the proofs for the route optimization by the general analysis and evaluation.In this paper, the public transit network in the Suzhou city is selected as an application sample to test the index system and the methodology.
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