Congestion Pricing Study Based On Travel Time Reliability

Since the twentieth century, the problem of Urban traffic congestion is more outstanding and common, and it becomes a serious worldwide problem which is restricting the development of urban economy. Both at home and abroad scholars had a large number of studies on this problem, and they put forward to use the traffic demand management measures -- congestion pricing to solve the problem of traffic congestion. On the basis of the traditional travel time reliability definition, the paper establishes the model of congestion pricing based on the new travel time reliability, and it will provide an effective scheme for the implementation of the congestion pricing.At first, the paper emphatically expounds the principles of economics of congestion pricing, and introduces the typical models of congestion pricing theory, and then it points out the disadvantages of traditional models. Then the paper classifies congestion pricing depended on the charge strategy, and emphatically analyzes the influences of the implementation of congestion pricing in big cities.Then, on the basis of the analysis of the traditional travel time reliability, the paper gives the new definitions and models of travel time reliability on road in the transport network. And the paper establishes the model of congestion pricing based on the travel time reliability. The upper-level model is to minimum the travel time under the restriction of the standard deviation of travel time reliability on road in the network, while the lower-level model is the user equilibrium model under fixed traffic demand. The Genetic Algorithm combined with successive average algorithm is selected to solve the model.Lastly, the real road network is taken as a case to validate the practicability of the model and the validity of the algorithm. The case shows the pricing rate between the shortest standard deviation of travel time reliability and the shortest travel time in the case of a given number of pricing roads. And it also shows that increasing in pricing roads will bring reducing of the total travel time in the network. However, under the condition of the same pricing roads, the total travel time and the standard deviation of travel time reliability can’t be optimal at the same time, and the pricing rate of minimum the standard deviation of travel time reliability will be higher.