Preliminary Study On Visual Analysis Of Spatial Organization In Landscape Architecture

In recent years with rapidly development of the urban construction and economy,some new open space was not good enough or even was given to destruction rather than construction. It not only leads to waste of land and resources,but also not conducive to exchanges between persons or nature,and goes against the purpose of environment construction. Some planning and design works excessively concerned with the effects and composition of two-dimensional paper,when they were built departured from the blueprints. The cause of such situation just is designers failed to give enough consideration to visual characteristics,and lack visual analysis to space scientifically and systematically.So visual factor is important for reasonable organization of space and construction of humanized space in landscape.This paper is based on the visual sense of people and make research following two main lines that space and vision,but does not involve with background of society,economy,culture,and customs.(1)Summarizing characteristics and principles of visual physiology and visual psychology of person,such as physiological structure, imaging process, visual angle,optimum viewing distance,first line of sight and some objective existing limitations of vision.(2)This paper carries out research on the space-forming elements,and makes an analysis and discussion on the internal contact mechanism between space and vision. The components of external space of landscape should include static structure factor-substantial factor(architectures,plant,stone,water body),and dynamic factor- vision subject"person",and other factor such as time,light and shadow that can not be easily detected. Garden space is not only three-dimensional stereoscopic senes,especially"person"as the viewer are also the spatial structure element,so it is the necessity of the research on the relationship between vision and space.(3)The research that about visual factor of spatial organization is carried out from three aspects as spatial sequence,spatial level,spatial scale,and combined with spatial analysis on some related examples,then comes to the conclusion that some qualitative or quantitative results about design technique and rules of vision that are conducive to modern landscape design,such as horizontal visual range 25-30m,70-100m,250-270m,500-1000m,1200m, visual angle 30°,60°,and the rules of D/H( visual range / height ).(4)This paper carries out a special study on visual illusion which is a kind of special visual phenomenon that need correct or utilization,which can be transformed into positive factors for superinducing scenery interest.Design is a process of science and art. Landscape architecture which is regarded as a discipline of the relationship between man as the subject and environment as the object,it should according to the visual theory as the design basis besides psychological and emotional factors,cultural accomplishment and the using function.it is a objective and appropriate measure that has positive meaning to the development of landscape design. especially when society advocate humanized design,so the most fundamental planning of vision should not be neglected undoubtedly regardless of which kind of scale on the planning and design.