Primary Researche On Regional Characteristics Of Traditional Architecture In Turpan Area

Turpan area, located in east Xinjiang, is the intersection connecting north-south traffic and east-west traffic in Xinjiang, and also an indispensable part of the Silk Road in Chinese history. Turpan is also a gathering place for different ethnic groups, more than 27 ethnic groups living there, such as Uygur, Hui and Han. Traditional architecture in Turpan area studied in this paper refers to the traditional construction of Uygur - the main ethnics locally, mainly including religious buildings (mosques, Mazar), and secular buildings (residential constructions). Because of the unique natural and human environments in Turpan area, local traditional architecture formed unique regional features. In the aspect of natural environment, the weather in this area is quite dry, windy, with little rain, hot in summer and cold in winter, so all these factors lead to the basic characteristics of constructions, such as adobe construction, semi-underground space, etc. In the aspect of human environment, ethnic constitution, living habits, the spread of religions and multiple cultures have produced significant impacts on the shapes of buildings and also the expressions of constructive decorations. This paper mainly studied traditional architectures in Turpan area, took existing examples as the basis, and natural and human environments as the main line, and discussed the regional constructional characteristics and cultural expressions of traditional architectures. This paper was developed from four levels: the first level gave a general description of the natural and historical human environments where the traditional architecture exist, namely Chapter 2; The second level began to conduct in-depth analysis of traditional architectures, divided into residential constructions and religious constructions. In the residential parts, through analyzing the form of monomer buildings, the writer summarized basic characteristics of three types of residential constructions by conclusion and summarization, and analyzed space composition, constructional structure, technology and constructional decorations of residential buildings with examples, namely Chapter 3. The writer started the analysis of religious buildings from Islam constructions, which religion is adored by Uygur, and mainly analyzed the commonly mosque constructions and Mazar constructions. In this part, the writing is also in accordance with classification first, and then analyzing the characteristics of constructions with examples, namely Chapter 4; The third level was the summarization of previous studies and analysis, and concluded the regional characteristics of traditional architectures in Turpan area, mainly including constructional features and architectural cultural identity, and discussed the regional expressions of the traditional architectural characteristics in special circumstances, that is, Chapter 5; The fourth level was the researches on the continuation and development of regional constructions. After having a correct understanding of the characteristics and architectural culture of local traditional constructions, this part discussed the continued development of traditional architecture on the basis of the status quo and current problems, namely Chapter 6. Based on the analysis and researches from above four levels, this paper tried to show the regional characteristics of traditional architectures in Turpan area, as well as discuss the continuation and development of such characteristics.