Study On Identifying Active Faults Of Highway Engineering Based On DEM And Knowledge

Active fault is not only a common geologic hazard, but also the cause of some geologic hazard, such as earthquake, volcano, ground fissure, landslide and collapse, etc. Active fault hazard severely affects the safety of people's life and properties and engineering construction. Recent crustal movements active in western region so strong and develop well, its intensity and quantity are greater than that in eastern region of china. As the most important infrastructure of West Development, the highway construction is threatened by active fault hazard. The stick slip and creep of active fault may cause dislocation earthquake and displacement deformation. No matter the dislocation earthquake or the displacement deformation, all of them can result of the destruction of the facilities of the highway engineering. Active fault hazard may bring direct loss, as well as the indirect loss and inestimable social influence.Investigating and ascertaining active fault is the basis and premise of studying active fault, In order to get satisfying results of identifying active fault, it needs to comprehensive utilization of the analysis of landform, geomorphology and domain structure, and also other methods. Now the process of identifying active fault chiefly use site investigation outdoors, and manual operation indoors with supplementary personal experience. These methods are lower efficiency, and the accuracy has to do with the identifying technique and personal experience.This paper puts forward a new way of identifying active fault by DEM of GIS and knowledge of active fault based on a great amount of status at home and abroad. At first, the paper studies the principle of geologic structure, characteristic of geomorphology distribution and the way of presentation of active fault; then the paper presents the organization way and characteristic of data of different DEM, analyzes the geomorphology characteristic of active fault of grid DEM, and seeking the characteristic. Some terrain factors can great show the active fault characteristic, choose these factors and with that bring forth the methods of identifying active fault based on DEM-- change rate of slope and roughness ; Take experiments on the study area with this two methods, extract the edge of geologic structure so as to eliminated errors. The result comes out after determining the active fault's position by raster calculation. In order to support the project of great detection the highway active fault and ground fissure, hazard assessment and control technology, this paper also develops a system of identifying active fault. This system can manage the information of active fault and realize the identification of active fault by computer.Above all, this paper mainly puts forward a new way of identifying active fault by DEM. This way is simple, feasible and easy to operate that is a quest of identifying active fault by GIS and a helpful guidance for active fault research in the future.