| Water resource is one of the most important natural resources, and is essential to the survival and development of socio-economic. Currently, water problem has drawn the attention of the whole world. China is a country short of water resources, per water consumption is only one-fourth of the world average level. In recent years, with China's population growth, sustained and rapid economic and social development and people's living standard rising, a larger demand was put to the limited water, shortage of water supply has become increasingly prominent. The scarce water not only hampers the economic and social development, but also cause the ecological environment deteriorated. In most areas of China, the water problem has become one of the main factors against the socio-economic sustainable development.As it is involved economic, social, technological and ecological environment of the area, the water system is a composite system of socio-economic water-ecological environment. In particular, as implementation of the sustainable development strategy and introduction of the concept of scientific development, the demand more reasonable water allocation,and the optimal theories of water allocation and applied research has been faced with ever new challenges. Research on the new theories and optimal allocation of water resources is particularly urgent.As a natural extension of the project "Integrated Water Resources Planning in Wuhan City", the study combining ecological water, landscape irrigation and multi-objective optimization allocation of water resources, comprehensive use of the theory of sustainable development, water resources planning and management, ecological economics, environmental studies and knowledge in areas such as systems engineering, optimize the allocation of water resources will be integrated into the socio-economic-water -environment system to composite, the exploration and research of the optimal allocation of water resources will be done from the perspective of ecological.Ecology-oriented optimal allocation of regional water resources is studied systematically in this paper, which mainly comprise as following work:(1)Setting from the standpoint and principles of ecological economics, the characteristic of water resources ecology economic system and ecology economic characteristics of waters resources are analyzed, the conception and principles of the ecology-oriented optimal allocation of regional water resources are put forward, the conception model and the corresponding model system frame of the ecology-oriented optimal allocation of regional water resources are established.(2)Ecosystem and ecological water requirement theories have been systematically discussed. The calculation method of ecological water requirement has been summarized.(3)Based on the integrated theory of sustainable development which time and space coupled, the connotations and principles of the sustainable utilization oriented optimal allocation to water resources are analyzed systematically. In combination with the current status and the developing of water resources in Wuhan city, the model of the optimal allocation is constructed, the methods of step by step toleration obligation and genetic algorithm are used in solving the model.
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