The Somaclone Establishment Of Aegilops Tauschii×Hordeum Vuglare Hybrids , The Production And Cytogenetical Studies Of Its Amphidiploid And

With immature embryo rescue and callus induction method, the somaclones from Aegilops tauschii×Hordeum vulgare intergeneric hybrid's calli were regenerated. The result indicated that through callus culture of wide hybrids, the variations were observed not only among chromosome numbers but also among chromosome structures. Along with the extending of subculture, mutant frequency and range increase. The 4 hybrid embryos were cultured for half a year, plants that regenerated from 2 immature hybrid embryos were Aegilops tauschii-Hordeum vulgare amphidiploids with doubling chromosome number(2n=28) and their average chromosome pairing at MI were: 13.95I+5.33RingII+1.67RodII+0.018III and 15.37I+3.84RingII+2.42RodII, respectively。Plants with 14 chromosomes regenerated from other 2 hybrid embryos , whose mean meiotic chromosome association frequency were 10.48I+1.6RodII+0.11III and 10.44I+0.013RingII+1.475RodII+0.175III+0.0245IV+0.0018V, respectively. The regenerated plants with 14 chromosome were treated for 16 hours with colchicines solution by direct soaking-roots method in autumn; the highest double rate was 94.44%. The intergeneric amphidiploids of Aegilops tauschii and Hordeum vulgare were generated with best morphological character and fertility by this method. The average chromosome pairing of the first generation (C1) of the amphidiploid at MI was 8.34I+5.24RingII+4.56RodII+0.018III+0.004IV, and their average seed-setting percentage was 4.33%(0.12-12.33%). The somatic chromosome numbers of the second generation (C2) ranged from 24 to 33,among which the 2n=28 individuals constitute 42.85% the total plants that were investigated. Their average chromosome pairing at MI was 4.53I+6.11RingII+5.58RodII+0.032III, and their average seed setting percentage was 24.54%. The plants among later generation (C3) were obtained from 2n=28 individual plants after self-pollinating, whose chromosome number were ranging from 21 to 30, among which the individuals of 2n=28 constitute 76.6%; their average chromosome pairingat MI was 3.81I+6.44RingII+5.55RodII+0.04III+0.004IV. It was obvious that with the growth of amphidiploids generation, the meiosis behavior of a chromosome pair of amphidiploids was steady gradually with the seed setting rate increasing. The different individuals have cytology difference at the stability in every generation, so through the single plant selection for several successive generations, the stability of the amphidiploid was improved progressively, it could be expected to get a steady new species. Backcross to barley successfully, it would be useful for induction of useful genes of Aegilops tauschii to barley and improve barley variety.