| Qinghai province is in the western of china. It is the main component part of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, which has been know as "the roof of the world". The area covers 720,000 square kilometers. Its elevation is 3000 kilometer, and its ecological conditions are complicated and distinctive, which decide the unique characteristics of the actionmycete resources in Qinghai. In this paper, the soil actionmycete resources were studied systematically by normal methods. The soil samples were collected from Datong county, Pingan county, Ledu county, Minghe county, and Huzu county. The results were followed:1. Study on selecting the isolation medium of actinomycetes and treatment methods of soil sample.lt was studied to the influence of medium variety, thermal treatment of the soil samples and inhibitor to the isolation effect of actinomycetes by plate paint isolation methods. Results showed that: (1)The isolation results of gauze No. 1(GA) and straw decay substance agar(SDSA) might reflect the quantity and variety of the soils studied actinomycetes.(2)Thermal treatment (120 ℃× 1.0h) might promote actinomycetes spore sprouting and increase the quantity and variety of actinomycetes. The quantity and varieties of actinomycetes of the Soil treated with 120℃× l.0h were increased by 5.5%-54.9% and 12.5%-100% than the check of none-thermal treatment respectively. But thermal treatment had no effect on the quantity of bacteria. (3)Adding 75μg/mL k2Cr2O7 and 1-3Mμ/mL penicillin to the isolation medium could reduced the quantity of bacteria, and had little effect on the quantity and varieties of actinomycetes. Actinomycetes quantity (×106cfu/g) and variety of the treating of 75μg /mL k2Cr2O7 and 1-3$g/mL penicillin in soil No.l on SDSA medium reduced by 0~58.8% and 0~18.2% compared with treating of 75 Mg / mL k2Cr2O7 respectively, (4)streptomycin might not been used in the isolation of actinomycetes.2. The quantity, population, and ecological distribution of actionmycetes. More than 1000 strains of actionmycetes in the soil samples were isolated by spreading the samples on two kinds of agar media. Isolateds were identifyied to genus by domestic conventional procedures (Strepto-myces to kind).The results indicated that: (1)The quantity of soil actinomycetes changed with soil type, irrigated condition, or crop variety. (2)Actinomycete population in the grain field soil was relatively complex, and strains studied were classified into eight genera. Streptomyces strains (comprised equally 84.7% of the total count of actinomycete) was the main genus, followed by Micromonospora ,Actinomadure ,and Nocardia. Streptomyces could be classified into 14 kinds, and Griseofucus(28.3%),Albosporus(22.5%), Griseorubroviolaceus (19.0%) occupied the dominant position.Actinomycete population of the grain field in different irrigated condition was different: actinomycete population in irriguous field (eight genera were isolated) was morecomplex than the one of no irriguous field(only seven genera were isolated),and streptomyces population in water field (13 kinds)was more complex than the one of no irriguous field(12 kinds). (3)Actinomycete population in industrial crop field soil was more complex than grain field one, and strains studied were classified into nine genera. Streptomyces strains was also the main genus, followed by Micromonospora. Actinomycete population was evidently different by different industrial crop, actinomycete population of the vegetable field soil (nine genera)was more complex than that of green manure (only six genera)field and orchard soil(only five genera).The composition of streptomyces in industrial crop field soil and grain field soil was very similar. The composition of streptomyces in different industrial crop field soil was also remarkably different: the kind of vegetable field soil was the most(14 kinds), Griseorubroviolaceus was the main kind, that of orchard field soil was the second(eight kinds, and Aureus was the main kind),green manure soil's was the least (only si...
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