Study On Genetic Diversity Of Spring Sowing Soybean In Northeast Of China

China is the original place of soybean and it has abundant germplasm resources . In Northeast, it is very suitable for the growth and development of the soybean because of its fertile soil, abundant sunshine and vast territory. Abundant varieties have been formed in this region through natural selection and artificial selection. Its area and yield are about half of those of the whole country. Just in Heilongjiang province, they occupied about one third. In this study, 283 accessions were sampled from 3226 accessions of Northeast spring sowing soybeans that represented genetic basis of Northeast spring sowing soybeans. 534 alleles were detected from them with 61 SSR core primers. The range of Simpson diversity index (SDI) was between 0.406 and 0.886. The mean of genetic diversity index was 0.704.The phenotypes of Northeast spring sowing soybeans were also analyzed in this study. The result showed:1. The polymorphism detected at 61 SSR loci was rich and the genetic diversity in every locus was also rich. But the mean of SDI was not high. So the genetic diversity of Northeast spring sowing soybeans was relatively low on the whole. The reason of these cases was that there were most often occurring alleles in most of loci.2. In three provinces, the polymorphism detected at 61 SSR loci was similar. In contrast, the polymorphism of the accessions of Liaoning was slightly high. The result of genetic diversity in these three provinces was the same as that of the polymorphism. Furthermore, the mean of SDI of three provinces was lower than that of representative sample.3. 35 accessions had specific alleles in 283 accessions of representative sample and these specific alleles distributed at 29 loci. Most of 35 accessions were landraces.4. The coefficient of differentation was low at 61 loci. This showed that the genetic basis of soybean in these three provinces was narrow.5. Gene diversity level of landraces at every locus was higher than that of the released cultivars. This showed that the genetic types of landraces were abundance and its genetic diversity level was high. In contrast, the genetic diversity level of released cultivars was low and their genetic basis was narrow.