Effects Of Native Chickens Types On Quality Chicken's Meat Performance And Quality

This paper is based on the materials kept by Jiangsu Provincal Institute of Poultry Science, including Xianju Chickens.Gushi Chickens, Recessive White Feather Chickens and the six cross combinations: Xianju Chickens x Recessive White Feather Chickens?, Recessive White Feather Chickens3 x Xianju Chickens?, Gushi Chickens x Recessive White Feather Chickens, Recessive White Feather Chickens x Gushi Chickens , Xianju Chickens x (Xianju Chickens x Recessive White Feather Chickens ) , Recessive White Feather Chickens x (Xianju Chickens x Recessive White Feather Chickens). In 12 week age, heritability of meat performance and quality of two kinds of native chickens was estimated, and the effect of feed-breed interaction on meat performance and quality were tested. In addition, how to improve alien chickens' meat performance and quality by native chickens was studied.The conclusions are as follows.1. There are significant difference of the slaughter traits between two native chickens. Xianju Chickens is the egg-type native breed,whose meat quality are significantly lower than dubal-purpose breed,Gushi Chickens, and both of two are lower than Recessive White Feather Chickens.The breast muscle color,water loss rate, content of crude protein of Xianju Chickens are significantly lower than Gushi Chickens,and the breast muscle water content ,content of crude fat of Xianju Chickens are remarkably higher than Gushi Chickens. There are not significant difference in pH value and tenderness between two kinds of native chickens. IMP,Es-l,AKP and content of cholesterol are significantly different among three chickens breeds.2. The heritability of meat traits of two native chickens is higher than Recessive White Feather Chickens.The color and water loss rate of F1 offspring are fit for over-dominance genetic law,meat tenderness is middle genetic type. In Xianju Chickens, except water hold capacity , the heritability of meat quality traits and nutrition ingredient content are higher than Gushi Chickens and Recessive White Feather Chickens.3. The level of energy in ration have a outstanding effect on alive weight,semi-eviscerated weight and breast muscle weight.The interaction of energy level,protein level and breed has a significant effect on breast muscle weight and tenderness. And the interaction of energy level,protein level in ration has aremarkable effect on water loss rate of breast muscle.4. Significant differences are shown in meat performance, traits of meat quality and nutrition content in muscle between offsprings of two kinds of native chickens and recessive white feather.On the account of big difference in body form between Xianju Chickens and Recessive White Feather Chickens .there exists significant difference of meat performance,routine quality and nutrition in breast muscle between their reciprocal cross F1 hybrids, furthermore the sire effect is very remarkable. The body form difference of Gushi Chickens and Recessive White Feather Chickens is smaller than the Xianju ,the difference of reciprocal cross is not evident ,and here appeared over-dominance .The heterosis of reciprocal cross between Gushi Chickens and Recessive White Feather Chickens is higher than the reciprocal cross between Xianju Chickens and Recessive White Feather Chickens.5. When native chickens are used in cross combinations, and native chickens contribution is more than 50% between two kinds of chickens ,the meat traits and meat quality chickens of offsprings are significantly different between two kinds of chickens. On the base of this difference, the improvement of meat quality is at the cost of decrease in meat performance ,which proves that the relationship between meat performance and quality are significant resistant.